Fig 8. Biofilm growth under a shear flow.

The biofilm shapes are shown at the non-dimensional time T^* = 140 (T* = t(s)×μ_m(s⁻¹)); (a) $\dot{\gamma }/{\mu }_m=0$, very rough shape; (b) $\dot{\gamma }/{\mu }_m=108$, wavy pattern; (c) $\dot{\gamma }/{\mu }_m=144$, flat shape. As shear rate increases the biofilm surface changes from very rough to wavy and then smooth.