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. 2017 Aug 3;12(8):e0182427. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182427

Fig 3. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is lowest in sepsis patients.

Fig 3

There is no difference in baseline TNFα levels of untreated whole blood in controls and patients. When stimulated with LPS TNFα responsiveness is significant reduced in all patients compared to controls and is lower in sepsis patients (group B) compared to patients after surgery (group A). TNFα levels were determined in the supernatant of untreated whole blood and after stimulation with 500 pg/mL LPS for 3h in controls (n = 10), patients with post-surgical inflammation (group A; n = 20) and patients with sepsis and septic shock (group B, n = 20). Data are presented as box and whisker plots with median and interquartile range. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric Mann-Whitney-U test. P<0.05: *, P<0.001: ***.