Table 2. Concentrations of plasma fibrinogen, PAI-1, and CRP at Visit 2 by participant characteristics and diabetes status at baseline in Strong Heart Study main cohort participants.
| Without Diabetes (N = 899) | With Diabetes (N = 1085) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | PAI-1 (ng/mL) |
CRP (mg/L) |
Fibrinogen (mg/dL) |
PAI-1 (ng/mL) |
CRP (mg/L) |
|||||||||||
| % | Median | p-value | Median | p-value | Median | p-value | % | Median | p-value | Median | p-value | Median | p-value | |||
| Age, years * | ||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 55 | 57% | 325 | <0.001 | 44 | 0.003 | 3.2 | 0.95 | 51% | 350.5 | 0.04 | 50 | <0.001 | 4.7 | 0.002 | ||
| > 55 | 43% | 341.5 | 38 | 3.2 | 49% | 361 | 44 | 3.8 | ||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||
| Male | 43% | 327 | 0.002 | 39 | 0.06 | 2.6 | <0.001 | 34% | 339.5 | <0.001 | 45 | 0.05 | 3.1 | <0.001 | ||
| Female | 57% | 337 | 42 | 3.6 | 66% | 364 | 48 | 5 | ||||||||
| Education | ||||||||||||||||
| < HS | 33% | 341 | 0.002 | 44 | 0.15 | 3.4 | 0.14 | 43% | 367 | <0.001 | 43 | <0.001 | 4.3 | 0.66 | ||
| ≥ HS | 67% | 330 | 39 | 3 | 57% | 349 | 50 | 4.2 | ||||||||
| Smoking | ||||||||||||||||
| Never/former | 58% | 329 | 0.001 | 40 | 0.16 | 2.9 | 0.02 | 69% | 357.5 | 0.78 | 46 | 0.26 | 4.3 | 0.74 | ||
| Current | 42% | 340 | 42 | 3.6 | 31% | 355 | 47 | 4.2 | ||||||||
| Drinking | ||||||||||||||||
| Never/former | 51% | 336 | 0.04 | 42 | 0.42 | 3 | 0.42 | 64% | 361 | 0.003 | 46 | 0.45 | 4.4 | 0.02 | ||
| Current | 49% | 330 | 40 | 3.3 | 36% | 346 | 47 | 4 | ||||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||||||||||||
| < 30 | 66% | 330 | 0.01 | 37 | <0.001 | 2.8 | <0.001 | 40% | 346 | 0.001 | 42 | <0.001 | 3.7 | <0.001 | ||
| ≥ 30 | 34% | 338 | 49 | 3.7 | 60% | 364 | 51 | 4.8 | ||||||||
| Hypertension | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 74% | 332 | 0.03 | 39 | 0.01 | 3.1 | 0.07 | 59% | 350 | 0.05 | 47 | 0.44 | 4.4 | 0.29 | ||
| Yes | 26% | 343 | 44 | 3.5 | 41% | 363 | 46 | 4 | ||||||||
| Hemoglobin A1c, % † | ||||||||||||||||
| <5.7 | 83% | 332 | 0.03 | 39 | 0.02 | 3 | 0.02 | 33% | 331 | <0.001 | 48 | 0.11 | 4.1 | 0.06 | ||
| ≥5.7 | 11% | 338 | 47 | 4.1 | 60% | 365 | 46 | 4.4 | ||||||||
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||||||||||||||
| <100 | 22% | 333.5 | 0.90 | 44 | 0.26 | 3.1 | 0.88 | 30% | 361 | 0.70 | 44 | 0.12 | 4.5 | 0.22 | ||
| ≥100 | 78% | 334 | 39 | 3.2 | 70% | 354 | 47 | 4.2 | ||||||||
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | ||||||||||||||||
| ≥60 | 99% | 334 | 0.62 | 41 | 0.03 | 3.1 | 0.57 | 97% | 354.5 | <0.001 | 46 | 0.05 | 4.2 | 0.24 | ||
| <60 | 1% | 338 | 29 | 3.8 | 3% | 407 | 40 | 5.6 | ||||||||
| Albuminuria | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 93% | 332 | 0.002 | 40 | 0.16 | 3.1 | 0.02 | 68% | 343 | <0.001 | 48 | 0.07 | 4.1 | 0.11 | ||
| Yes | 7% | 356 | 46 | 4.7 | 32% | 388 | 45 | 4.8 | ||||||||
| Menopause ‡ | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 16% | 326 | 0.003 | 44 | 0.41 | 3.6 | 0.94 | 16% | 356 | 0.02 | 53.5 | 0.05 | 6 | 0.008 | ||
| Yes | 41% | 342 | 41.5 | 3.6 | 51% | 365 | 47 | 4.8 | ||||||||
HS, High School; eGFR, estimated glomerular function; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; BMI, Body mass index p-values are from a non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis test of equality of populations.
* Dichotomized at the overall median.
† Hemoglobin A1c was measured in 93% of participants.
‡ Among women only.