Table 2.
Renal‐clearable nanoparticles and their renal‐clearable efficiencies as well as the imaging technique.
| NP agent | Surface ligand[a] | Core size [nm]/ HD [nm] | Renal‐clearable efficiency [%] (time [h])[b] | Imaging technique | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NP agents with zwitterionic surface | |||||
| CdSe/ZnS | cysteine | 2.85/4.36 | 75 (4) | fluorescence | 48 |
| Pd nanosheets | GSH[a] | 4.4×1.8/NR[c] | 6.6 (24) | fluorescence | 54 |
| CuNPs, 64Cu‐doped | GSH | 2.0/2.2 | 62.5 (2) | fluorescence/PET | 55 |
| AuNPs | GSH | 2.5/3.3 | 50 (48) | fluorescence | 56 |
| AuNPs, 111In | DTDTP | 2.4/6.6 | 64 (24) | fluorescence/SPECT | 64 |
| NP agents with neutral surface | |||||
| SiNPs | PEG500 | NR[c]/3.3 | 73 (48) | fluorescence | 51 |
| Carbon dots, ZW800 | PEG1500 | 3/4.1 | 56 (24) | fluorescence | 52 |
| AuNPs | PEG1000 | 2.3/5.5 | 50 (24) | fluorescence | 64 |
| Au nanoclusters, 64Cu‐doped | PEG350 | 2.8/4.3 | 30 (24) | PET | 65 |
[a] GSH: glutathione. [b] Percent ID; time period postinjection is given in parentheses. [c] NR: not reported.