MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a)–deficient cells seem to be outcompeted by wild-type (WT) cells in the bone marrow (BM), circulation, and in atherosclerotic plaques in high cholesterol diet (HCD)–treated animals, but not in normal chow diet (NCD)–treated animals. Competitive BM transplantation (BMT) was performed into Ldlr−/− recipients. A 1:1 mix of BM from WT (CD45.1) and knockout (KO; CD45.2) was used. A, Peripheral blood was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) after NCD or HCD for 4, 12, or 32 wk (n=8, 5, 4, 2, respectively). Comparison was made between WT and KO within each time point. B, Cells in the aorta (B) and the BM (C) were analyzed by FACS in animals receiving NCD or HCD for 32 wk (n=2 per group). CMP indicates common myeloid progenitor; GMP, granulocyte–macrophage progenitor; HPC, hematopoietic progenitors cell; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell; Ldlr, low-density lipoprotein receptor; LS−K, Sca-1 (stem cells antigen-1)–negative progenitor; MEP, megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor; and MPP, multipotent progenitor cell.