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. 2017 Jun;13(2):84–92.

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© Kazuya Toda et al. Licensee Master Publishing Group

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Effects of PFE on sleep and serum corticosterone levels in mice. The pentobarbital-induced sleep test was performed 15 days after the first ingestion. Sleep latency (A) means the time from the administration of pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg) to the cessation of movement. Muscimol (0.2 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 15 min prior to pentobarbital. Sleeping time (B) was defined as the measured time until the mouse started moving again. At ZT 0, 6, 12, and 18 h on the next day (Day 16), serum was collected from mice, and corticosterone levels were evaluated using an ELISA kit (C). The control group was indicated as (O), and the PFE group as (●). Each column or point represents the mean and SE (n=4). Asterisks denote significant differences from the control at *p<0.05 and **p<0.01.