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. 2017 Aug 3;7:7258. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07817-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Schematic representation of LED die (left), crater-type silk hydrogel lens on LED die (middle) and dome-type silk hydrogel lens on LED die (right). (b) Intensity distribution of spatial radiation of ray tracing simulation (without scattering effects). Inset: spatial radiation distribution. (c) Photographs of LED chip used for experimental testing (left), LED covered with crater-type hydrogel lens (middle) and dome-type hydrogel lens (right). Scale bar, 1 cm. (d) Experimental intensity distribution of spatial radiation of the LEDs. Inset: photographs of spatial radiation distribution.