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. 2017 Aug 3;7:7258. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07817-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Light extraction efficiency and stability of biomaterial lenses. (a) Schematic of silk hydrogel with biopolymer layer coating. (b) Absolute irradiance of cool and warm white LED. (c) Photographs of 8 wt% silk hydrogel lens on a cool white LED (top) and on a warm white LED (bottom). Scale bar, 1 cm. (d) Light extraction efficiency (LEE) of silk hydrogel (SH) lenses with and without top coating, and PDMS lens on cool and warm white LEDs. (e) Weight decay of silk hydrogel lens. Black line: sole silk hydrogel lens, cyan line: 8 wt% silk hydrogel lens with poly(ester-urethane) coating, blue line: 8 wt% silk hydrogel lens with paraffin wax coating. Inset: zoomed weight decay of silk hydrogel lens with paraffin wax coating.