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. 2017 Aug 3;7:7195. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06294-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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EKP induces abnormal electrographic activities in the optic tectum and c-fos expression in brain of 7 dpf larvae. (A) Fragments of representative recordings from 7 dpf larva treated with VHC (A1) or 15 min after application EKP (400 µM) (A2). Bottom trace (A3) shows a high-resolution magnification of the epileptiform events indicated above. (B) Number of epileptiform events in VHC and EKP treated larvae: VHC 0.4857 ± 0.1804 vs EKP 55.76 ± 6.872 events/10 min recording. The number of recordings analyzed were: VHC (n = 35) and EKP (n = 58). Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s unpaired t-test. Values that were significantly different compared to VHC were indicated with ****p ≤ 0.0001. Error bars on all graphs represent s.d. (C) EKP-induced seizure upregulated c-fos expression in 7 dpf zebrafish larvae as assessed by qPCR (PTZ was used as positive control). c-fos expression is normalized to the housekeeping gene ef1α and β-actin 1. The data were analyzed using the ΔΔCq method and reported as mean ± s.e.m. of three experiments performed in triplicate.