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. 2017 Aug 3;7:7174. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07602-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Rabbit antibody responses to oral immunisation with L. lactis expressing GAS pili. Serum (a) or BAL (b) antibody titres from rabbits immunised with L. lactis PilM18 or L. lactis PilM28 were determined by ELISA against purified recombinant proteins. Black bars indicate antibody titres against proteins present in the vaccine. Grey bars indicate antibody titres against cross-reactive antigens. Two technical replicates were performed.