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. 2017 Aug 3;7:7174. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07602-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Antibodies against pilus proteins can neutralise adherence of GAS to HaCat cells. HaCat monolayers were incubated with indicated GAS strains for 1 h in absence (control), or presence of purified antibodies. Wells were washed to remove unbound bacteria and amount of bacteria assessed by bioluminescence (which is proportional to CFU). Adhesion was calculated as the proportion of bacteria remaining after washing compared to the unwashed wells. Data is expressed as the percentage of adhesion relative to the no antibody control (which was set to 100%). Bars indicate the mean ± SD of 3 biological replicates. Statistical analysis performed using one-way ANOVA.