Table 2.

Associations between substance-related factors and HVL and ART adherence for HIV-infected adults on ART reporting past 30-day substance use or with past 12-month substance dependence (n = 202).

Characteristic	HIV viral load		ART Adherencea
	<200 copies/mL n (%) n = 158	≥200 copies/mL n (%) n = 44	p value	≥90% n (%) n = 149	<90% n (%) n = 51	p value
Main independent variables
No. heavy drinking days (median, IQR)b,c	1 (0–4)	2 (0–13)	0.092	0 (0–4)	2 (0–16)	<0.001
Marijuana used	79 (50.0)	18 (40.9)	0.286	67 (45.0)	28 (54.9)	0.220
Cocaine used	43 (27.2)	15 (34.1)	0.373	35 (23.5)	21 (42.2)	0.015
No. DSM IV substance dependence criteria met, past 12 monthse
Alcohol (median, IQR)	4 (0–7)	6 (2–7)	0.032	4 (0–7)	6 (2–7)	0.116
Drug (median, IQR)	5 (2–7)	7 (6–7)	0.001	5 (1–7)	6 (4–7)	0.003
Secondary independent variables
Tobacco use	121 (76.6)	38 (86.4)	0.161	114 (76.5)	44 (86.3)	0.140
Heavy alcohol usec,f	81 (51.3)	26 (59.1)	0.202	72 (48.3)	34 (66.7)	0.059
Heroin use	25 (15.8)	7 (15.9)	0.989	18 (12.1)	14 (27.5)	0.010
Rx opioid useg	24 (15.2)	6 (13.6)	0.798	21 (14.1)	9 (17.6)	0.540
Tranquilizer or sedative useg	15 (9.5)	3 (6.8)	0.582	12 (8.1)	6 (11.8)	0.424
No. drinking days (median, IQR)	3 (0–10)	5 (0–17)	0.119	2 (0–9)	8 (1–19)	0.001
No. drug use days (median, IQR)	5 (0–25)	6 (0–20)	0.534	4 (0–21)	17 (2–28)	0.017
> 1 substance use (in a day)	44 (27.8)	12 (27.3)	0.940	35 (23.5)	19 (37.3)	0.056
Injection drug use	17 (10.8)	7 (15.9)	0.351	12 (8.1)	12 (23.5)	0.003
Alcohol and drug dependencee	80 (50.6)	29 (65.9)	0.072	73 (49.0)	34 (66.7)	0.029

Note: ART – antiretroviral, IQR – interquartile range, Rx – prescription.

^an = 2 missing,

^b≥4 drinks in a day for women or ≥5 drinks in a day for men,

^c30-day Timeline follow back,

^dAddiction severity index, past 30-day use,

^eMINI (past 12-month, number of DSM-IV criteria),

^f≥4 drinks in a day or > 7 in a week for women or ≥5/14 for men,

^gillicit use.