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. 2017 May 24;189(3):359–371. doi: 10.1111/cei.12984

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Vitamin D treatment reduces CD279 [programmed death 1 (PD‐1)] expression on CD8+ T cells as well as frequency of CD8+ T cells co‐expressing CD38 and human leucocyte antigen D‐related (HLA‐DR). The combined group of patients receiving D2 or D3 reduced their HLA‐DR (a) and CD279 (PD‐1) (b) expression on CD8+ T cells at the end of supplementation. The frequency of CD8+ T cells co‐expressing CD38 and HLA‐DR was also decreased at the end of supplementation (c). HLA‐DR expression on CD8+ T cells correlated with the total vitamin D dose per kg bodyweight at the end of intervention (d), and the down‐regulation of the HLA‐DR expression on CD8+ T cells correlated with change in total‐serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (s25OHD) at the end of the study (e). Patients receiving D3 displayed decreased CD279 (PD‐1) expression on CD8+ T cells at the end of supplementation (f). P < 0·05 in all. Results are plotted as raw data from the subjects in the pooled vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 treatment group (a–c), raw data from all subjects participating in the study irrespective of treatment arm (d,e) and as raw data from subjects in the vitamin D3 treatment group (f). The number of patients presented in the individual graphs varies due to a few missing samples (see Table 3).