Fig. (1).

Impact of cytokines and chemokines on APP and Aβ peptide. APP is proteolytically processed by two main pathways: the non-amyloidogenic and the amyloidogenic pathways, which leads to Aβ production. Aβ can aggregate and deposit as SPs. The arrows and equality symbol represent the effects prompted by cytokines and chemokines on APP, APP resulting fragments (sAPPα, sAPPβ and AICD), APP secretases (α-, β- and γ-secretases) and on Aβ and its deposition. Dashed arrows and equality symbol in blue represent the putative effects based on chemokines receptor KO/deficiency data.