Table 1.
NRAS mutations in melanoma tumours
| Primary melanomas N mut/total N (%) | Metastases N mut/total N (%) | Material | Sub‐dissection | Detection method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2/36 (6) | P | No | D,E | Shukla et al., 1989 | |
| 1/19 (5) | 1/16 (6) | P | No | D,E | Albino et al., 1989 |
| 5/10 (50) | 21/40 (53) | F | No | D,E | van't Veer et al., 1989 |
| 4/31 (13) | 2/8 (35) | P | No | D,E,I | Carr and Mackie, 1994 |
| 18/71 (25) | 6/17 (35) | P | No | D,E,I | Ball et al., 1994 |
| 6/30 (20)a | P | No | D,E,I | Platz et al., 1994 | |
| 15/35 (43)b | |||||
| 1/18 (5.5) | 3/13(23) | F | No | D,H,I | Jafari et al., 1995 |
| 27/175 (15) | 19/36 (16) | P | No | D,F,I | van Elsas et al., 1996 |
| 11/46 (24)c | P | No | D,F,I | Jiveskog et al., 1998 | |
| 2/28 (7)d | |||||
| 22/69 (32) | 14/33 (42) | F | Yes | D,F | Demunter et al., 2001a |
| 21/74 (28) | 33/88 (38) | P | Yes | D,F,I | Omholt et al., 2002 |
| 26/82 (32) | F | No | D,K | Sivertsson et al., 2002 | |
| 20/21 (95)e | P | Yes | D,I | Eskandarpour et al., 2003 | |
| 1/10 (10)f | |||||
| 7/24 (29) | P | Yes | D,H,I | Pollock et al., 2003 | |
| 1/27 (4) | P | No | D,G,I | Cruz et al., 2003 | |
| 13/35 (37) | P | No | D,F,I | Kumar et al., 2003a | |
| 3/38 (8) | P | No | D,F,I | Kumar et al., 2003b | |
| 5/25 (20) | 12/60 (20) | F | No | D,H | Alsina et al., 2003 |
| 3/77 (4) | F | No | D,I | Gorden et al., 2003 | |
| 4/28 (14) | P | Yes | D,I | Dong et al., 2003 | |
| 2/17 (12) | P | No | D,F,I | Tsao et al., 2004 | |
| 2/15 (13) | 4/22 (18) | F | No | D,F,I | Reifenberger et al., 2004 |
| 20/114 (17.5) | 21/86 (24) | P | Yes | D,I | Houben et al., 2004 |
| 3/12 (25) | P | No | D,F,I | Saldanha et al., 2004 | |
| 14/51 (27)g | 4/18 (22) | P | Yes | D,F,I | Akslen et al., 2005 |
| 4/36 (11) | 17/79 (22) | F | No | D,H | Goydos et al., 2005 |
| 4/27 (15)h | P | No | D,I | Curtin et al., 2006 | |
| 8/37 (22)i | |||||
| 10/60 (17) | P | Yes | D,I | Goel et al., 2006 | |
| 86/294 (29)j | F | No | D,K | Edlundh‐Rose et al., 2006 | |
| 19/97 (20) | F | No | D,G,I | Ugurel et al., 2007 | |
| Total 223/1075 (21) | 315/1210 (26) |
Materials: F=fresh frozen tissues, P=formalin fixed tissues, paraffin embedded. Manual or laser capture sub‐dissection: yes/no. Detection Method: D=PCR, RT‐PCR; E=allele specific oligonucleotide hybridization; F=single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses; denaturing gradient gelelectrophoresis (DGGE) analyses; G=HPLC/capillary techniques; H=RFLP dependent or allele specific amplification; I=nucleotide sequence analysis; K=pyrosequencing.
From sporadic melanoma.
From hereditary melanoma.
Melanomas in sun exposed sites.
Melanomas in mucous membranes.
Hereditary melanomas with germline CDKN2A mutations.
Sporadic melanomas.
NM only.
Chronically sun exposed sites, mainly LMM.
Intermittently sun exposed sites, mainly SSM.
Including 39 primary tumours.