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Root elongation rate (A–C) and diameter (D–F) of 14 wheat genotypes (n = 6) grown at soil bulk densities of 1.3 (black), 1.45 (orange), and 1.6 (red) g cm−3. A and D, Cone mechanical impedance was obtained from penetrometer measurements. B, C, E, and F, Root tip radial force for conical (B and E) and spheroid (C and F) geometry was calculated according to Equations 11 and 12. Asterisks denote significant regression coefficients at P < 0.05 (*) and P < 0.01 (**).
