Table 1.
Distribution of 2004 baseline characteristics of adults ≥65 cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) (n = 2,032) and dementia (n = 558) in the Health and Retirement Study, by arthritis status
| Without Arthritis | With Arthritis | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| CIND | Dementia | CIND | Dementia | |||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| n | % | 95% CL | n | % | 95% CL | n | % | 95% CL | n | % | 95% CL | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| DEMOGRAPHICS | ||||||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||
| 65–69 | 138 | 19.1 | (15.9, 22.4) | 25 | 10.5 | *(6.0, 15) | 336 | 18.4 | (16.4, 20.4) | 60 | 10.6 | (7.7, 13.5) |
| 70–74 | 139 | 25.3 | (21.2, 29.4) | 33 | 17.4 | (11.4, 23.4) | 278 | 19.2 | (16.9, 21.5) | 55 | 12.8 | (9.2, 16.4) |
| 75 or greater | 308 | 55.5 | (51.1, 60.0) | 116 | 72.1 | (65.0, 79.1) | 833 | 62.4 | (59.7, 65.1) | 269 | 76.6 | (72.2, 81) |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 315 | 52.9 | (48.4, 57.4) | 88 | 47.1 | (38.8, 55.3) | 525 | 36.1 | (33.3, 38.8) | 132 | 32.5 | (27.3, 37.7) |
| Female | 270 | 47.1 | (42.6, 51.6) | 86 | 52.9 | (44.7, 61.2) | 922 | 63.9 | (61.2, 66.7) | 252 | 67.5 | (62.3, 72.7) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| non-Hispanic white | 371 | 72.7 | (69.0, 76.4) | 92 | 63.0 | (55.4, 70.6) | 910 | 72.1 | (69.8, 74.5) | 193 | 62.9 | (57.7, 68.2) |
| Hispanic | 75 | 10.2 | (7.8, 12.6) | 29 | 13.5 | (8.4, 18.7) | 191 | 10.6 | (9.1, 12.2) | 53 | 11.0 | (7.9, 14) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 122 | 14.1 | (11.3, 16.8) | 50 | 21.3 | (15.2, 27.4) | 320 | 15.0 | (13.2, 16.7) | 127 | 22.8 | (18.5, 27.1) |
| non-Hispanic other | 17 | 3.0 | *(1.5, 4.6) | 3 | --- | --- | 26 | 2.3 | *(1.3, 3.2) | 11 | --- | --- |
| Marital Status | ||||||||||||
| Not married/partnered | 264 | 47.9 | (43.4, 52.4) | 85 | 49.4 | (41.1, 57.8) | 727 | 52.2 | (49.3, 55.0) | 220 | 57.6 | (51.8, 63.3) |
| Married/partnered | 320 | 52.1 | (47.6, 56.6) | 88 | 50.6 | (42.2, 58.9) | 720 | 47.8 | (45.0, 50.7) | 164 | 42.4 | (36.7, 48.2) |
| SOCIOECONOMIC | ||||||||||||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Less than college | 541 | 91.7 | (89.0, 94.4) | 162 | 92.3 | (87.8, 96.9) | 1357 | 93.3 | (91.8, 94.7) | 368 | 95.3 | (92.9, 97.6) |
| College or greater | 44 | 8.3 | (5.6, 11.0) | 12 | --- | --- | 90 | 6.7 | (5.3, 8.2) | 16 | 4.7 | *(2.4, 7.1) |
| Income | ||||||||||||
| $0 to $19,999 | 268 | 44.4 | (39.9, 48.8) | 111 | 61.7 | (53.6, 69.8) | 792 | 54.1 | (51.3, 57.0) | 257 | 65.3 | (59.9, 70.8) |
| $20,000 to $39,999 | 197 | 33.5 | (29.3, 37.8) | 43 | 25.2 | (18.0, 32.5) | 425 | 30.1 | (27.4, 32.7) | 86 | 24.1 | (19.1, 29.0) |
| $40,000 or greater | 120 | 22.1 | (18.3, 25.9) | 20 | 13.1 | *(7.4, 18.8) | 230 | 15.8 | (13.7, 17.9) | 41 | 10.6 | (7.2, 14.1) |
| MEDICAL CHARACTERISTICS | ||||||||||||
| Obesity | ||||||||||||
| No | 268 | 73.8 | (68.8, 78.7) | 81 | 83.0 | (75.4, 90.5) | 545 | 63.5 | (60.1, 66.9) | 157 | 65.0 | (57.7, 72.3) |
| Yes | 103 | 26.2 | (21.3, 31.2) | 21 | 17.0 | *(9.5, 24.6) | 360 | 36.5 | (33.1, 39.9) | 78 | 35.0 | (27.7, 42.3) |
| Number of 6 Chronic Conditions | ||||||||||||
| 0 conditions | 142 | 24.4 | (20.5, 28.2) | 35 | 20.3 | (13.6, 27.0) | 188 | 13.8 | (11.8, 15.8) | 45 | 13.9 | (9.8, 18.1) |
| 1 condition | 202 | 33.7 | (29.5, 37.9) | 72 | 42.0 | (33.8, 50.3) | 448 | 30.9 | (28.2, 33.5) | 98 | 23.8 | (19.1, 28.5) |
| 2 or more conditions | 232 | 41.9 | (37.4, 46.5) | 65 | 37.6 | (29.6, 45.7) | 796 | 55.4 | (52.5, 58.2) | 233 | 62.3 | (56.7, 67.8) |
| Smoking | ||||||||||||
| Never smoked | 222 | 37.8 | (33.4, 42.1) | 79 | 48.2 | (40.0, 56.5) | 636 | 43.8 | (41.0, 46.7) | 171 | 45.6 | (39.8, 51.4) |
| Previous smoker | 284 | 49.3 | (44.8, 53.8) | 83 | 45.6 | (37.4, 53.8) | 675 | 47.3 | (44.5, 50.2) | 180 | 47.7 | (42, 53.5) |
| Current smoker | 76 | 12.9 | (9.9, 15.9) | 12 | --- | --- | 125 | 8.8 | (7.2, 10.5) | 28 | 6.7 | *(3.9, 9.4) |
| OTHER FACTORS | ||||||||||||
| Depression | ||||||||||||
| Not depressed | 510 | 87.8 | (84.9, 90.7) | 140 | 79.3 | (72.5, 86.2) | 1060 | 73.7 | (71.2, 76.2) | 247 | 64.4 | (58.8, 69.9) |
| Depressed | 75 | 12.2 | (9.3, 15.1) | 34 | 20.7 | (13.8, 27.5) | 384 | 26.3 | (23.8, 28.8) | 133 | 35.6 | (30.1, 41.2) |
| Physical Activity | ||||||||||||
| Inactive | 101 | 16.9 | (13.6, 20.3) | 48 | 24.8 | (17.9, 31.6) | 301 | 20.2 | (17.9, 22.4) | 142 | 36.9 | (31.3, 42.5) |
| Somewhat Active | 191 | 33.5 | (29.2, 37.8) | 55 | 29.9 | (22.5, 37.3) | 506 | 35.8 | (33.0, 38.5) | 115 | 29.5 | (24.3, 34.7) |
| Active | 293 | 49.6 | (45.1, 54.1) | 71 | 45.3 | (37.0, 53.6) | 638 | 44.1 | (41.2, 46.9) | 127 | 33.6 | (28.2, 38.9) |
*
Relative standard error (RSE) is between .20 and .29 indicating a high sampling error, results should be used with caution; --- RSE is ≥.30