Table 2.
Associations between arthritis, demographic characteristics, socioeconomic characteristics, comorbidities, and sequelae of arthritis with cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) and dementia, Health and Retirement Study
| CIND | Dementia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDR | 95% CL | IDR | 95% CL | |
| ARTHRITIS (ref: No Arthritis) | ||||
| Arthritis | 1.6 | (0.9, 2.9) | 1.1 | (0.4, 3.3) |
| DEMOGRAPHICS | ||||
| Sex (ref: Male) | ||||
| Female | 0.3 | (0.1, 0.5) | 0.6 | (0.2, 1.8) |
| Race (ref: Non-Hispanic white) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 14.6 | (7.8, 27.3) | 25.4 | (9.0, 71.5) |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 4.6 | *(0.6, 34.2) | 5.7 | *(0.2, 146.8) |
| Hispanic | 11.2 | (4.8, 26.0) | 8.3 | (2.0, 33.7) |
| Marital Status (ref: Not married/partnered) | ||||
| Married/Partnered | 0.8 | (0.4, 1.5) | 0.4 | (0.1, 1.2) |
| SOCIOECONOMIC | ||||
| Education (ref: College or greater) | ||||
| Less than College | 56.5 | (20.0, 159.8) | 7.5 | *(0.6, 96.5) |
| Income (ref: $40,000+) | ||||
| $0 to $19,999 | 10.9 | (4.8, 24.8) | 45.2 | (7.4, 274.6) |
| $20,000 to $39,999 | 4.1 | (1.8, 9.1) | 12.8 | (2.1, 79.6) |
| MEDICAL CHARACTERISTICS | ||||
| Obesity (ref: Not obese) | ||||
| Obese | 1.4 | (0.7, 2.5) | 1.3 | (0.5, 3.6) |
| Smoking (ref: Never smoked) | ||||
| Previous smoker | 1.1 | (0.6, 2.0) | 1.8 | (0.6, 5.2) |
| Current smoker | 1.1 | (0.4, 3.0) | 0.1 | *(0.01, 0.5) |
| Number of Chronic Conditions (ref: 0 conditions) | ||||
| 1 condition | 0.9 | (0.4, 1.8) | 0.9 | (0.3, 2.7) |
| 2 or more conditions | 1.4 | (0.7, 2.7) | 4.3 | (1.4, 12.9) |
| OTHER FACTORS | ||||
| Depression (ref: not depressed) | ||||
| Depressed | 2.7 | (1.6, 4.4) | 6.5 | (3.0, 14.1) |
| Physical Activity (ref: Active) | ||||
| Inactive | 2.2 | (1.3, 3.8) | 10.3 | (4.2, 25.1) |
| Somewhat Active | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.9) | 2.2 | (1.1, 4.6) |
IDR: Incidence Density Ratio; 95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval; ref: reference standard;
*
potentially unstable estimate as there is the potential for high sampling error due to small sample size