Table 2.
Preoperative Variables for Those With and Without Wound Complication.a
| Total (N = 5802, 100%) | No Wound Complication (n = 5663, 97.6%) | Wound Complication (n = 140, 2.4%) | P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 3423 | 59.0% | 3338 | 58.9% | 85 | 60.7% | .674 |
| Male | 2380 | 41.0% | 2325 | 41.1% | 55 | 39.3% | |
| Race | |||||||
| White | 4709 | 81.1% | 4598 | 81.2% | 111 | 79.3% | .003 |
| Black | 442 | 7.6% | 431 | 7.6% | 11 | 7.9% | |
| Hispanic | 219 | 3.8% | 215 | 3.8% | 4 | 2.9% | |
| Otherb | 433 | 7.5% | 419 | 7.4% | 14 | 10.0% | |
| Age (years) | |||||||
| <51 | 1254 | 21.6% | 1235 | 21.8% | 19 | 13.6% | .021 |
| 51-60 | 1508 | 26.0% | 1472 | 26.0% | 36 | 25.7% | |
| 61-70 | 1841 | 31.7% | 1787 | 31.6% | 54 | 38.6% | |
| 71-80 | 1017 | 17.5% | 995 | 17.6% | 22 | 15.7% | |
| >80 | 183 | 3.2% | 174 | 3.1% | 9 | 6.4% | |
| BMI class | |||||||
| Nonobese | 3373 | 58.1% | 3311 | 58.5% | 62 | 44.3% | <.0001 |
| Obese class I | 1383 | 23.8% | 1348 | 23.8% | 35 | 25.0% | |
| Obese class II | 657 | 11.3% | 636 | 11.2% | 21 | 15.0% | |
| Obese class III | 390 | 6.7% | 368 | 6.5% | 22 | 15.7% | |
| Diabetes | |||||||
| No diabetes | 4955 | 85.4% | 4844 | 85.5% | 111 | 79.3% | .034 |
| Insulin dependent | 272 | 4.7% | 266 | 4.7% | 6 | 4.3% | |
| Non–insulin dependent | 576 | 9.9% | 553 | 9.8% | 23 | 16.4% | |
| Current smoker within 1 year | |||||||
| Yes | 1208 | 20.8% | 1182 | 20.9% | 26 | 18.6% | .508 |
| No | 4595 | 79.2% | 4481 | 79.1% | 114 | 81.4% | |
| Dyspnea | |||||||
| Yes | 347 | 6.0% | 337 | 6.0% | 10 | 7.1% | .557 |
| No | 5456 | 94.0% | 5326 | 94.0% | 130 | 92.9% | |
| Functional status prior to surgery | |||||||
| Independent | 5538 | 95.4% | 5408 | 95.5% | 130 | 92.9% | .051 |
| Dependent | 265 | 4.6% | 255 | 4.5% | 10 | 7.1% | |
| ASA | |||||||
| 1 or 2 | 2718 | 46.8% | 2678 | 47.3% | 40 | 28.6% | <.0001 |
| 3 or 4 | 3085 | 53.2% | 2985 | 52.7% | 100 | 71.4% | |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Ventilator dependent | 10 | 0.2% | 8 | 0.1% | 2 | 1.4% | .0003 |
| History of COPD | 286 | 4.9% | 282 | 5.0% | 4 | 2.9% | .216 |
| History of CHF | 24 | 0.4% | 23 | 0.4% | 1 | 0.7% | .575 |
| Hypertension requiring medication | 3162 | 54.5% | 3072 | 54.2% | 90 | 64.3% | .019 |
| Acute renal failure | 7 | 0.1% | 7 | 0.1% | 0 | 0.0% | .677 |
| Dialysis | 20 | 0.3% | 17 | 0.3% | 3 | 2.1% | .0002 |
| Steroid use for chronic condition | 219 | 3.8% | 214 | 3.8% | 5 | 3.6% | .899 |
| >10% loss body weight in last 6 months | 11 | 0.2% | 10 | 0.2% | 1 | 0.7% | .149 |
| Bleeding disorders | 70 | 1.2% | 67 | 1.2% | 3 | 2.1% | .304 |
| Preoperative transfusion of ≥1 unit of whole/packed RBCs in 72 hours prior to surgery | 13 | 0.2% | 11 | 0.2% | 2 | 1.4% | .002 |
| Preoperative laboratory values, mean (SD) | |||||||
| Albumin | 4.1 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.5) | .011 | |||
| Hematocrit | 40.1 (4.5) | 40.1 (4.5) | 38.5 (5.2) | .001 | |||
| Platelet | 246.7 (71.6) | 246.7 (71.5) | 248.5 (78.1) | .778 | |||
| INR | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.4) | .118 | |||
| PTT | 29.3 (4.7) | 29.3 (4.6) | 29.2 (8.1) | .857 | |||
| PT | 12.0 (2.3) | 11.9 (2.3) | 12.5 (1.7) | .243 | |||
| Operative variables | |||||||
| Health care setting | |||||||
| Inpatient | 5592 | 96.4% | 5453 | 96.3% | 139 | 99.3% | .062 |
| Outpatient | 211 | 3.6% | 210 | 3.7% | 1 | 0.7% | |
| Discharge destination | |||||||
| Home | 3453 | 59.5% | 3,394 | 59.9% | 59 | 42.1% | <.0001 |
| Rehab | 522 | 9.0% | 506 | 8.9% | 16 | 11.4% | |
| Skilled care, not home | 548 | 9.4% | 522 | 9.2% | 26 | 18.6% | |
| Otherc | 32 | 0.6% | 32 | 0.6% | 0 | 0.0% | |
| Missing | 1248 | ||||||
| Operative time >4 hours | 2,779 | 47.9% | 2,680 | 47.3% | 99 | 70.7% | <.0001 |
| Total RVU, mean (SD) | 73.4 (28.8) | 73.1 (28.6) | 84.7 (32.8) | <.0001 | |||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; RBC, red blood cell; INR, international normalized ratio; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; PT, prothrombin time; RVU, relative value unit.
aBoldface indicates statistically significant P = .05.
bRace Other = American Indian or Alaskan Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, or unknown.
cOther Discharge Status = separate acute care, unknown, unskilled facility not home, death.