Table 3.
Univariate Analysis of Morbidity for ASD Surgery.a
| Characteristic | Total (N = 5803) | No Morbidity (N = 3989) | Morbidity (N = 1814) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | ||||
| <51 | 21.6% | 24.1% | 16.2% | <.0001 |
| 51-60 | 26.0% | 28.1% | 21.3% | |
| 61-70 | 31.7% | 30.4% | 34.6% | |
| 71-80 | 17.5% | 14.8% | 23.4% | |
| >80 | 3.2% | 2.5% | 4.5% | |
| Female | 59.0% | 56.9% | 63.6% | <.0001 |
| Race | ||||
| African American | 7.6% | 8.1% | 6.5% | .001 |
| Caucasian | 81.1% | 81.2% | 81.1% | |
| Hispanic | 3.8% | 4.0% | 3.3% | |
| Otherb | 7.5% | 6.7% | 9.2% | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| Nonobese | 58.1% | 58.2% | 57.9% | .288 |
| Obese class I (30.0-34.9) | 23.8% | 23.9% | 23.7% | |
| Obese class II (35.0-39.9) | 11.3% | 11.6% | 10.8% | |
| Obese class III (≥40) | 6.7% | 6.3% | 7.6% | |
| ASA 3 or 4 | 53.2% | 48.5% | 63.5% | <.0001 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Nondiabetic | 85.4% | 85.9% | 84.2% | .243 |
| Insulin dependent | 4.7% | 4.5% | 5.0% | |
| Insulin independent | 9.9% | 9.6% | 10.8% | |
| Dyspnea | 6.0% | 5.5% | 7.0% | .027 |
| Dependent functional health status prior to surgery | 4.6% | 3.6% | 6.8% | <.0001 |
| Steroid use | 3.8% | 3.4% | 4.5% | .044 |
| Recent weight loss | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | .309 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Ventilator dependent | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.4% | .001 |
| COPD | 4.9% | 5.1% | 4.6% | .402 |
| CHF | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.6% | .123 |
| Hypertension requiring medication | 54.5% | 52.3% | 59.3% | <.0001 |
| Renal failure | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | .508 |
| Dialysis use | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.6% | .022 |
| Bleeding disorder | 1.2% | 0.9% | 1.8% | .004 |
| Preoperative blood transfusion | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.6% | <.0001 |
| Operative variables | ||||
| Operative time >4 hours | 47.9% | 34.3% | 77.7% | <.0001 |
| Total RVU, mean (SD) | 73.4 (28.8) | 68.5 (25.9) | 84.1 (31.8) | <.0001 |
| Inpatient | 96.4% | 95.0% | 99.4% | <.0001 |
| Procedure length | ||||
| Long | 63.0% | 60.7% | 68.1% | <.0001 |
| Short (≤3 levels) | 37.0% | 39.3% | 31.9% | |
| Procedure approach | ||||
| Anterior | 39.6% | 51.9% | 12.5% | <.0001 |
| Posterior | 56.7% | 45.2% | 81.9% | |
| Combined | 3.7% | 2.8% | 5.6% | |
| Procedure subtypes | ||||
| Insertion of intervertebral device | 41.5% | 45.4% | 33.1% | <.0001 |
| Osteotomy | 14.4% | 7.1% | 30.6% | <.0001 |
| Bone grafting | 69.8% | 70.4% | 68.4% | .113 |
| Fusion to pelvis | 8.3% | 3.2% | 19.6% | <.0001 |
Abbreviations: ASD, adult spinal deformity; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; RVU, relative value unit.
aBoldface indicates P < .05.
bOther race includes Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, Asian, American Indian, or Alaska Native.