Table 4.
Univariate Analysis of Mortality for ASD Surgery.a
| Characteristic | Total (N = 5803) | No Mortality (N = 5775) | Mortality (N = 29) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | ||||
| <51 | 21.6% | 21.7% | 6.9% | .157 |
| 51-60 | 26.0% | 26.0% | 20.7% | |
| 61-70 | 31.7% | 31.7% | 37.9% | |
| 71-80 | 17.5% | 17.5% | 31.0% | |
| >80 | 3.2% | 3.2% | 3.5% | |
| Female | 59.0% | 48.3% | .240 | |
| Race | ||||
| African American | 7.6% | 7.6% | 3.5% | .212 |
| Caucasian | 81.1% | 81.2% | 75.9% | |
| Hispanic | 3.8% | 3.8% | 3.5% | |
| Otherb | 7.5% | 7.4% | 17.2% | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| Nonobese | 58.1% | 55.2% | 58.1% | .840 |
| Obese class I (30.0-34.9) | 23.8% | 23.8% | 27.6% | |
| Obese class II (35.0-39.9) | 11.3% | 11.3% | 13.8% | |
| Obese class III (≥40) | 6.7% | 6.7% | 3.5% | |
| ASA 3 or 4 | 53.2% | 52.9% | 96.6% | <.0001 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Nondiabetic | 85.4% | 85.5% | 69.0% | .028 |
| Insulin dependent | 4.7% | 4.7% | 6.9% | |
| Insulin independent | 9.9% | 9.8% | 24.1% | |
| Dyspnea | 6.0% | 6.0% | 3.5% | .564 |
| Dependent functional Health status prior to surgery | 4.6% | 4.5% | 13.8% | .012 |
| Steroid use | 3.8% | 3.8% | 6.9% | .376 |
| Recent weight loss | 0.2% | 0.2% | 3.5% | <.0001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Ventilator dependent | 0.2% | 0.2% | 3.5% | <.0001 |
| COPD | 4.9% | 4.9% | 13.8% | .027 |
| CHF | 0.4% | 0.4% | 3.5% | .011 |
| Hypertension requiring medication | 54.5% | 54.4% | 69.0% | .117 |
| Renal failure | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | .851 |
| Dialysis Use | 0.3% | 0.3% | 3.5% | .004 |
| Bleeding disorder | 1.2% | 1.2% | 0.0% | .551 |
| Preoperative blood transfusion | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.0% | .798 |
| Operative variables | ||||
| Operative time >4 hours | 47.9% | 47.8% | 72.4% | .008 |
| Total RVU, mean (SD) | 73.4 (28.8) | 73.3 (28.7) | 93.0 (33.8) | .0002 |
| Inpatient | 96.4% | 96.4% | 100.0% | .294 |
| Procedure length | ||||
| Long | 63.0% | 62.9% | 93.1% | .001 |
| Short (≤3 levels) | 37.0% | 6.9% | 37.1% | |
| Procedure approach | ||||
| Anterior | 39.6% | 39.7% | 20.7% | .042 |
| Posterior | 56.7% | 56.6% | 79.3% | |
| Combined | 3.7% | 3.7% | 0.0% | |
| Procedure subtypes | ||||
| Insertion of intervertebral device | 41.5% | 41.6% | 37.9% | .693 |
| Osteotomy | 14.4% | 14.4% | 17.2% | .665 |
| Bone grafting | 69.8% | 69.8% | 58.6% | .190 |
| Fusion to pelvis | 8.3% | 8.3% | 17.2% | .0805 |
Abbreviations: ASD, adult spinal deformity; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; RVU, relative value unit.
aBoldface indicates significant at P < .05.
bOther race includes Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, Asian, American Indian, or Alaska Native.