Fig 2. Autophagy is blocked during abiotic stress in kin10 mutant seedlings.

Seven-day-old WT and kin10 seedlings were transferred to ½ MS liquid medium supplemented with 160 mM NaCl for 6 hours (A), ½ MS liquid medium supplemented with 350 mM mannitol for 6 hours (B), ½ MS plates lacking sucrose for 4 days in the dark (C), ½ MS plates lacking nitrogen for 4 days (D), ½ MS liquid medium supplemented with 10 mM hydrogen peroxide for 2 hours (E), or ½ MS liquid medium supplemented with 2 mM DTT (ER stress) for 6 hours (F). Seedlings were stained with MDC and autophagosomes counted. Autophagy was activated in WT seedlings after abiotic stress, while in kin10 mutant seedlings autophagy was not induced in most conditions. The exception was osmotic stress, in which activation of autophagy in the kin10 mutant was reduced but not completely blocked. Different letters denote statistical significance, p<0.05, t-test. Error bars indicate standard error. (G) Confocal images of WT and kin10 mutant roots under control conditions and ER stress as a representative stress. The insets show enlargements of the indicated boxes. White arrows point to autophagosomes. Scale bars = 20 μm.