Table 1.

Developmental neuroimaging studies

Author	Year	Task	Sample	Developmental differences
				lPFC (Brodmann area 8, 9, 44, 45, 46)	Striatum	AIC	AIC coordinates (MNI)
							x	y	z
Response inhibition
Adleman [73]	2002	Stroop	7–22	Increase with age	Increase with age	Increase with age1
Andrews-Hanna [74]	2011	Stroop	14–25	Adults > adolescents	n.s.	Adults > adolescents	−42	22	2
Booth [81]	2003	Go/no-go	9–11	Children > adults	Children > adults	n.s.
Bunge [75]	2002	Flanker	8–12	Adults > early adolescents	Adults > early adolescents	Adults > early adolescents (R)	34	17	−9
						Early adolescents > adults (L)	−42	27	4
		Go/no-go		Adults > early adolescents	n.s.	n.s.
Casey [82]	1997	Go/no-go	7–12	Early adolescents > adults	n.s.	n.s.
Casey [117]	2002	Stimulus-response compatibility	7–11	n.s.	Adolescents > adults	n.s.
Cohen [113]	2010	Stop signal task	9–19	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
Luna [83]	2001	Antisaccade	8–30	Adolescents > adults	n.s.	n.s.
Marsh [76]	2006	Stroop	7–57	Increase with age	Increase with age	Decrease with age	−36	13	1
Rubia [77]	2000	Stop task	12–19	Adults > adolescents	Adolescents > adults	Adults > adolescents (L)	−40	6	5
						Adolescents > adults (R)	38	22	6
Rubia [79]	2006	Simon task	10–17	Adults > adolescents	Adults > adolescents	Adults > adolescents	32	19	11
		Switch task		Adults > adolescents	Adults > adolescents	Adults > adolescents	−32	7	−2
		Go/no-go		Adults > adolescents	Adults > adolescents	n.s.
Rubia [85]	2007	Stop task	10–17	n.s.	Increase with age	Increase with age	43	27	2
Rubia [78]	2013	Stop task	13–19	Increase with age	Increase with age	n.s.
					Decrease with age
Tamm [84]	2002	Go/no-go	8–20	Decrease with age	n.s.	Increase with age	−34	12	6
Velanova [80]	2009	Antisaccade	8–27	Increase with age	n.s.	n.s.
Reward processing
Bjork [92]	2004	Monetary incentive delay	12–17	n.s.	Adults > adolescents	n.s.
Bjork [93]	2010	Monetary incentive delay	12–17	n.s.	Adults > adolescents	n.s.
Christakou [118]	2013	Gambling task	12–18	Increase with age	n.s.	n.s.
Galvan [90]	2006	Pirate task	13–17	n.a.	Adolescents > adults	n.a.
Galvan [98]	2013	Primary reward	13–17	Adolescents > adults	Adolescents > adults	Adolescents > adults	34	26	8
Geier [94]	2010	Reward antisaccade	13–17	n.s.	Adolescents > adults	n.s.
Hoogendam [114]	2013	Monetary incentive delay	10–25	n.s.	Decrease with age	n.s.
Jarcho [99]	2012	Guessing task	14	n.s.	Adolescents > adults	Adolescents > adults	34	8	−3
Krain [95]	2006	Card guessing task	13–17	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
Padmanabhan [96]	2011	Reward antisaccade	14–17	n.a.	Adolescents > adults	n.a.
Teslovich [115]	2013	Rewarded random dot	13–21	Adolescents > adults	n.s.	n.s.
Van Leijenhorst [97]	2010	Slot machine	14–15	n.s.	Adolescents > adults	Adolescents > adults	42	12	−3
Risky decision making
Bjork [102]	2007	Chicken game	12–17	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
Chein [103]	2011	Stoplight	14–18	Adults > adolescents	Adolescents > adults2	n.s.
Paulsen [105]	2012	Domino game	14–16	Increase with age	Increase with age	Increase with age	36	16	−6
Eshel [104]	2007	Wheel of fortune	9–17	n.s.	n.s.	Adults > adolescents	−44	14	−6
Van Leijenhorst [116]	2006	Cake task	9–12	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
Barkley-Levenson [101]	2013	Gambling task	13–17	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.

n.s.= A whole-brain analysis was reported but no peak activations for the ROI were reported. n.a.= no whole-brain analyses were reported and therefore we were unable to assess activation in this region.

¹The specific peak coordinates of this activation are unavailable due to the large cluster size included in this activation map (6,109 voxels).

²Ventral striatum activation in Chein et al. [103] (2011) was only significant when social context was manipulated.