Table 3.

ANOVA results for syllable duration.

Effect	df	Adjusted sum of squares	ηp 2	F
Delay	1	5.79	0.19	18.12*
Order	2	10.87	0.30	21.79**
Participant	7	3.65	0.13	0.93
Syllable	5	18.79	0.42	88.60**
Delay × Order	2	0.78	0.03	7.68*
Delay × Participant	7	2.30	0.08	5.24*
Delay × Syllable	5	0.47	0.02	6.68**
Order × Participant	14	3.60	0.12	4.74*
Order × Syllable	10	0.14	0.01	2.70*
Participant × Syllable	35	1.53	0.06	2.69*
Delay × Order × Participant	14	0.73	0.03	14.95**
Delay × Order × Syllable	10	0.08	0.00	2.25*
Delay × Participant × Syllable	35	0.51	0.02	4.16**
Order × Participant × Syllable	70	0.37	0.01	1.52*
Delay × Order × Participant × Syllable	70	0.25	0.01	2.74**
Total	19,772

Note. Durations of nonerror syllables were analyzed by using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with main factors of delay (0 or 200 ms), syllable (/bi/, /bu/, /da/, /du/, /za/, /zi/), syllable order in the stimulus sequence (one to three), and Participants 1–8 (random factor), with all possible interactions. Shown are the degrees of freedom, adjusted sum of squares error, partial eta-squared value, and F value for each effect.

^* p < .05.

^** p < .001.