Figure 1.
An adaptive shift-up perturbation was applied to the fo of auditory feedback (black dotted line), with a maximum perturbation of 100 cents. The 95% confidence intervals of the adaptive responses in the speakers with typical voices (n = 9; in blue) are negative, compensating for the direction of the perturbation. Individual adaptive responses of nine speakers with hyperfunctional voice disorders (in orange for individuals with accompanying vocal fold lesions and in magenta for those without) are more variable, with many speakers showing a distinct following response (positive changes, in the direction of the perturbation). Adaptive responses are plotted as the mean across five-trial blocks.