Study flow diagram.
aPatients were excluded in order as listed. bWe selected the most recent pre-ED baseline serum creatinine measurement. cIf an individual had more than one ED visit with AKI, as defined by ED and pre-ED serum creatinine measurements, we selected the first ED visit with AKI. dIf an individual had more than one ED visit with a serum creatinine measurement, we selected the first ED visit. This group does not include patients with a subsequent ED visit with AKI (n=9549); these patients were preferentially classified as having AKI. eExcluded: improvement in AKI severity (discharged n=447, admitted n=1248); admitted to hospital (n=8117); assigned an ED diagnosis of AKI (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, code N17) (n=56). fExcluded: patients with an improvement in AKI severity (n=1695); discharged home from ED (n=6402). gExcluded: patients admitted to hospital from the ED with no AKI. hFollow-up was complete during the 30-day period. ED, emergency department.