Table 1.
Patient characteristics at home hemodialysis initiation in Canada during the period 1996–2012
| Variable | Yr of Dialysis Initiation | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996–2002 (n=233) | 2003–2007 (n=568) | 2008–2012 (n=1068) | ||
| Age, yr, mean±SD | 49±13 | 52±14 | 53±14 | <0.001 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| White | 175 (75) | 392 (69) | 740 (69) | 0.001 |
| Asian | 9 (4) | 49 (9) | 63 (6) | |
| Black | 12 (5) | 25 (4) | 71 (7) | |
| Other | 15 (6) | 61 (11) | 139 (13) | |
| Unknown | 22 (9) | 41 (7) | 55 (5) | |
| Women, % | 72 (31) | 182 (32) | 374 (35) | 0.2 |
| Primary diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| GN | 48 (21) | 109 (19) | 176 (17) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes | 49 (21) | 119 (21) | 292 (27) | |
| Renal vascular disease | 23 (10) | 69 (12) | 111 (10) | |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 37 (16) | 57 (10) | 120 (11) | |
| Failed kidney transplant | 8 (3) | 41 (7) | 83 (8) | |
| Other | 45 (19) | 99 (17) | 175 (16) | |
| Unknown | 23 (10) | 74 (13) | 111 (10) | |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetesa | 12(5) | 37 (7) | 97 (9) | 0.05 |
| Coronary artery disease | 84 (36) | 174 (31) | 281 (26) | 0.04 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 24 (10) | 49 (9) | 69 (7) | 0.07 |
| Previous CVA | 14 (6) | 27 (5) | 58 (5) | 0.6 |
| Smokerb | 24 (10) | 46 (8) | 108 (10) | 0.4 |
| Vascular access type, n (%)c | ||||
| AV access | 50 (22) | 214 (38) | 458 (43) | <0.001 |
| CVC | 24 (10) | 149(26) | 415(39) | |
| Unknownc | 159 (68) | 205 (36) | 195 (18) | |
| BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 25.1 (22.5–29.6) | 26.6 (22.7–31.5) | 27.9 (23.8–33.7) | <0.001 |
| ESRD vintage, yr, median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.3–1.9) | 1.3 (0.3–3.1) | 0.9 (0.2–3.1) | 0.003 |
| Prior RRT, n (%) | ||||
| None | 7 (3) | 50 (9) | 113 (11) | <0.01 |
| In-center HD | 207 (89) | 487 (86) | 880 (82) | |
| PD | 18 (8) | 24 (4) | 65 (6) | |
| Kidney transplant | 1 (0.4) | 7 (1) | 10 (1) | |
| Facility size n (%) | ||||
| Small (≤1–4 patients) | 34 (15) | 23 (4) | 47 (4) | <0.001 |
| Medium (5–9 patients) | 68 (29) | 93 (16) | 240 (23) | |
| Large (≥9 patients) | 131 (56) | 452 (80) | 781 (73) | |
| Home hemodialysis modality, n (%) | ||||
| Conventional | 181 (78) | 216 (38) | 532 (50) | <0.001 |
| Short daily | 5 (2) | 104 (18) | 166 (16) | |
| Slow nocturnal | 47 (20) | 248 (44) | 370 (35) | |
| Neighborhood income quintile, n (%) | ||||
| 1 | 43 (19) | 73 (13) | 156 (15) | 0.02 |
| 2 | 41 (18) | 96 (17) | 180 (17) | |
| 3 | 49 (21) | 124 (22) | 213 (20) | |
| 4 | 29 (12) | 132 (23) | 257 (24) | |
| 5 | 63 (27) | 134 (24) | 244 (23) | |
| Unknown | 8 (3) | 9 (2) | 18 (2) | |
| Distance (in km) from the dialysis facility, n (%) | ||||
| <15 | 109 (47) | 260 (46) | 536 (50) | 0.06 |
| 15–25 | 20 (9) | 67 (12) | 146 (14) | |
| 25–50 | 30 (13) | 78 (14) | 145 (14) | |
| 50–75 | 13 (6) | 35 (6) | 52 (5) | |
| 75–100 | 14 (6) | 35 (6) | 39 (4) | |
| >100 | 40 (17) | 86 (15) | 133 (13) | |
| Unknown | 7 (3) | 7 (1) | 17 (2) | |
CVA, cerebrovascular accident; AV, arteriovenous; CVC, central venous catheter; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Diabetes as a comorbidity among those without presumed kidney disease.
b
Smoking status at ESRD initiation.
c
Data on vascular access type were not collected until 2001.