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. 2017 Aug 4;7:7284. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07246-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Functionality of CD8⁺ T cells: protective adjuvants induce higher levels of circulating CD8⁺CD107a⁺IFNγ⁻TNFα⁻IL2⁻ T cells. BALB/c mice (n = 6) were immunized intramuscularly with Ad-ME.TRAP (5 × 10⁹ vp/dose), alone or adjuvanted with Abisco^®-100 or CoVaccineHT and the cytokine profiles of CD8⁺ PBMCs two weeks post-immunization analysed using the SPICE software¹⁸. (a) Pie charts show the proportion of PBMC CD8⁺ T cells producing one or more of: CD107a, IFNγ, TNFα and IL2 upon in vitro stimulation with the Pb9 peptide. Vaccine received is indicated under each pie-chart. Purple coloured area represents cells that are positive only for CD107a and negative for IFNγ, TNFα and IL2. A statistically significant distribution was found between the group receiving Ad-ME.TRAP+CoVaccineHT^TM and the other two groups (the p-values are shown in the Table next to the charts). (b) More detailed representation of the cytokine secreting profile among the vaccinated groups of mice. Each set of bars shows the proportion of CD8⁺ T cells secreting one or more cytokines (marked with ¥) in the three vaccinated groups.