Table 4.

Results of sensitivity analyses based on quality of studies and exclusion of studies with missing data.

	Number of studies involved	Pooled SMD (95% CI)
Quality of studies
All studies	25	−1.077 (95% CI −1.497, −0.657)†
*High-quality studies	13	−0.926 (95% CI −1.414, −0.438)†
Missing data
All studies	25	−1.077 (95% CI −1.497, −0.657)†
**Studies without missing data	18	−0.999 (95% CI −1.478, −0.521)†

Abbreviations: SMD, standardized mean difference; CI, confidence interval.

* Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment total score ≥7. **Exclusion of Ahmadi, et al.³⁷, Piper, et al.²⁵, Wright, et al.³⁴, Barsalou, et al.⁴⁰, Mikolajczyk, et al.⁴¹, Parker, et al.⁴³ and El-Banawy, et al.⁴⁵. ^†p < 0.001.