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. 2017 Aug 4;7:7308. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06504-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The stress concentration (K _t) resulting from pores in close proximity to one another – The maximum increase in stress predicted by linear elastic FE modelling of two idealised spherical pores in close proximity. Loading is normal to the vector between pore centres. The separation (s), i.e. solid material, between pore edges has been normalised by the diameter (D ₁) of one of the spheres. Results are shown for spheres of equal diameters (D ₁ = D ₂) and one sphere with twice the diameter of the other (2·D ₁ = D ₂).