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. 2017 Aug 4;7:7273. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07839-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Behavioral deficits in Nptn ^{lox/loxEmx1Cre} mice. Nptn ^{lox/loxEmx1Cre} (n = 11, black bars and lines) and Nptn ^lox/lox (n = 12, grey) mice were examined (a–h) in the water maze, (i) in the shuttle box, (j) and on the rota-rod. (a) Representative examples of tracks recorded during acquisition (day3, 1st trial) showing frequent re-initiation of swimming by Nptn ^{lox/loxEmx1Cre} mice. (b) Average speed, (c) times of immobility, (d) escape latency, (e) escape latency corrected for times of immobility, and (f) path length are displayed. (g) Quadrant preference during the first 2 trials after platform reversal at day 4. QA, QB quadrants without platform. The old goal quadrant was significantly preferred compared to the other quadrants irrespective of the genotype of the mice. (h) Representative examples of tracks recorded immediately (day4, trial1) after platform reversal and after training (day4, trial6) for the new platform position. Nptn ^lox/lox mice initially persist on the old goal (trial1) and develop quickly a new spatial strategy (trial 6), whereas Nptn ^{lox/loxEmx1Cre} mice display a serial circular strategy. (i) The percentage of conditioned reactions in the shuttle box two-way active avoidance paradigm, (j) and the time staying on the rota-rod are displayed. Data are mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA, one, two, and three asterisks indicate P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively, three # indicate P < 0.001.