Table 2.
Study characteristics: randomized controlled trials with pre and post outcomes and control group.
| First author and year | Study source (country) | n (%) (male) |
Age Mean (SD) |
Specific diagnosis (eg, FEPa, chronic) | Study design | Description of study and type of technology | Control group | Outcome measures |
| Palmier-Claus 2013 [29] (also reported in Ainsworth et al, 2013) [30] | United Kingdom | 24 (19) | 33.04 (9.5) | Nonaffective psychosis | Randomized repeated measure cross-over design | Use of mobile phone or text messaging for real time assessment of symptoms | Cross-over control group | Qualitative interviews to assess perceptions and experiences of devices, PANSS, quantitative feedback questionnaire |
| Van der Krieke 2013 [31] | Netherlands | 73 (39) | Intervention: 37 (12.35), control: 40 (13.47) | Nonaffective psychosis, DSMccriteria | Randomized controlled trial | Web-based information and decision tool to help patients identify needs and treatment options | TAUd | Patient-rated COMRADEeCSQf |
| Kurtz 2015 [32] | United States | 56 (41) | COG REMggroup: 36.1 (12.8), control: 37.1 (12.1) | Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder | Randomized treatment trial, quasi experimental design, blinded raters | Social skills training combined with Web-based cognitive training (COG REM) to improve memory and attention | TAU and social skills training combined with computer skills training instead of COG REM training | Neurocognitive assessment, WAISh, and others, social skills performance assessment, and quality of life scale |
| Smith 2015 [33] | United States | 32 (17) | Intervention: 40.8 (12.2) Control: 39.1 (10.6) |
Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder | Randomized control study, blinded raters | Efficacy of virtual reality job interview training on job outcomes and confidence | Waitlist controls | Posttest video role plays of interviews scored by blinded raters, self-report interviewing confidence, 6-month follow-up data on employment outcome |
| Beebe 2014 [34] | United States | 30 (11) | 48.7 (11.6) | Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | Small randomized control study | Comparing the effect of telephone calls only, text message only, and telephone calls and text messages on symptoms and medication adherence | Cross-over groups | Symptoms: BPRSi, medication adherence scores |
| Moritz 2016 [35] | Germany and United Kindom | 58 (27) | Intervention: 38.9 (11.78), Waitlist controls: 43.41 (8.42) |
Schizophrenia | Small randomized control study | Examined whether a Web-based intervention for depression can ameliorate depressive symptoms in schizophrenia | Waitlist controls | CES-Djdepression scale, PHQ-9k, paranoia checklist, PANSS |
aFEP: first episode psychosis.
bPANSS: positive and negative syndrome scale.
cDSM: diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
dTAU: treatments as usual.
eCOMRADE: combined outcome measure for risk communication and treatment decision making effectiveness.
fCSQ: client satisfaction questionnaire.
gCOG REM: cognitive remediation.
hWAIS: Wechsler adult intelligence scale.
iBPRS: brief psychiatric rating scale.
jCES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression.
kPHQ-9: patient health questionnaire- 9.