Table 3.
Study characteristics: feasibility studies.
| First author and year | Study source (country) | n (%) (male) |
Age | Specific diagnosis (eg, FEPa, chronic) | Study design | Description of study and type of technology | Control group | Outcome measures |
| Nahum 2014, [36] | United States | 34 (25) | Schizophrenia: 23.8 (3.2), control: 23.6 (3.6) | Schizophrenia spectrum disorder | Case-control study | Feasibility of use and efficacy of a novel neuroplasticity based Web-based training program (SocialVille) | Yes, matched healthy controls | Measures of attrition, compliance, and social cognition; facial memory, emotional prosody identification, emotion, and social perception, Functioning, QoLb, social and role scales |
| Gleeson 2014 (update of Alvarez-Jimenez, 2013) [37] | Australia | 20 (10) | Mean 20.3 | FEP | Single group design | Safety of HORYZONS Web-based psychosocial Internet-based intervention, including peer-to-peer networking, psychoeducation, Web-based psychosocial intervention modules | No | SCIDc, BPRSd, CDSSe, BAIf, Feasibility; usage of Web-based system, User experience questionnaire, safety |
| Ben-Zeev 2014 [3] |
United States | 17 (10) | Mean 40.47 | Dual diagnosis schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and substance misuse | Single group design | Feasibility study, clinical social worker sent daily text messages to assess medication and clinical status | No | Usability and satisfaction questionnaire, working alliance inventory |
| Ben-Zeev 2014, [38] | United States | 33 (20) | 45.9 (8.78) | Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder | Single group design | Feasibility of mobile app resources to facilitate real time illness self-management; mood regulation, medication management, social functioning, sleep, participants asked to complete assessment then intervention if required 3x daily | No | PANSSg, BDIh, BMQi, acceptability or usability measure, correlation between symptoms and use of phone |
| Palmier-Claus 2013 (see Palmier-Claus et al, 2012 for main study), [39] | United Kingdom | 44 (28) | Acute: 36.8 (10), remitted: 35.5 (8), and UHR: 22 (4.4) | Acute schizophrenia and remitted, UHR | 3 groups of patients with different levels of psychosis | Feasibility of a mobile phone based momentary assessment in individuals with psychosis for clinical management and research purposes | none | Calgary depression scale, momentary assessment scales, PANSS |
| Ventura 2013 [5] | United States | 9 | Not applicable | Schizophrenia, clinically stable | Pilot single group design | Acceptability of PositScience’s Internet-based brain fitness program using auditory discrimination tasks | None | MATRICS neuro-cognition, clinical global impression of cognition in Schizophrenia, brief questionnaire on knowledge of cognition, outcome rating scale |
| Schlosser 2016 [40] | United States | 20 (17) | Stage 1: 23.40 (2.6), stage 2: 23.3 (3.7) | Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | Pilot single group design | Feasibility and acceptability of implementing PRIMEj, a mobile app intervention | None | Feasibility measures, adherence measures, satisfaction questionnaires |
aFEP: first episode psychosis.
bQoL: quality of life.
cSCID: structured clinical interview for DSM disorders.
dBPRS: brief psychiatric rating scale.
eCDSS: Center for Doctoral Studies in social and behavioral sciences.
fBAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory
gPANSS: positive and negative syndrome scale.
hBDI: Beck depression inventory.
iBMQ: beliefs about medicines questionnaire.
jPRIME: personalized real-time intervention for motivation enhancement.