Table 9.
Trial quality characteristics for nonrandomized controlled trials: Downs and Black (1998) ratings.
| Checklist Question | Brenner and Ben-Zeev 2014 [22] | Kimhy 2014 [17] | Kimhy 2014 [9] | Hartely 2014 [41] | So 2013 [42] | Sanchez 2014 [43] | Ben-Zeev 2016 [6] |
| Question 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Question 9 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Question 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 11 | 0 | UTDa | UTD | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 12 | 0 | UTD | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Question 13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Question 15 | 0 | UTD | UTD | UTD | 0 | UTD | UTD |
| Question 16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 17 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | UTD |
| Question 18 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | UTD |
| Question 20 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 21 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Question 22 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | UTD | UTD |
| Question 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Question 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Question 25 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | UTD |
| Question 26 | 1 | UTD | UTD | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Question 27 | 0 | 0 | UTD | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 19 | 19 | 21 | 22 | 24 | 17 | 18 |
aUTD: unable to determine.