Table 1.
Chronological changes in scores during recovery after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy
| Preoperative | First HAL-SJ (POD 8) | Second HAL-SJ (POD 10) | Third HAL-SJ (POD 15) | Fourth HAL-SJ (POD 17) | Fifth HAL-SJ (POD 22) | Sixth HAL-SJ (POD 24) | At discharge (POD 30) | After end of sixth HAL-SJ | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IBI | IFI | IBI | IFI | IBI | IFI | IBI | IFI | IBI | IFI | IBI | IFI | 1 month | 3 months | ||||
| EL, degrees | 3 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 3 | |
| VAS, mm | 60 | 49 | 83 | 29 | 23 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 21 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 24 | 69 | |
| IKEMS, kgf | 17.6 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 8.6 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 11.0 | 12.2 | 13.4 | 13.2 | 12.8 | 18.7 | 16.6 | |
| Active ROM, degrees | 10–135 | 16–124 | 12–125 | 16–124 | 9–120 | 19–133 | 13–136 | 16–138 | 15–134 | 10–139 | 12–139 | 12–139 | 11–136 | 12–144 | 11–135 | 12–142 | |
| JOA score | Total | 60 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 55 | 65 | 85 |
| Pain on walking | 20 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 15 | 15 | 25 | |
| Pain on ascending or descending stairs | 5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5 | 15 | 20 | |
| ROM | 25 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 25 | 25 | 30 | |
| Joint effusion | 10 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 10 | 10 | 10 | |
Abbreviations: EL Extension lag, VAS Visual analogue scale, IKEMS Isometric knee extension muscle strength, ROM Range of motion, JOA Japanese Orthopaedic Association, POD Postoperative day, HAL-SJ Single-joint hybrid assistive limb device, IBI Immediately before intervention, IFI Immediately after intervention, N/A Not applicable