Table 1.

Parameter values and the estimated population attributable fraction for colorectal cancer in Malaysia, 2013

Risk factor	Description	Prevalence% (95% CI)a	Relative risk (95% CI)	meta-analysis study for relative risk	Colorectal cancer cases	PAF% (95% CI)	Preventable cases (95% CI)
Alcohol (current drinkers, ≥18 years)	Men	13.7 (12.6–14.7)	1.62 (1.31–2.21)	[22]	201	7.8 (3.8–12.9)	16 (8–26)
	Women	0.4 (0.035–0.5)	1.54 (1.04–2.29)	[22]	168	2.1 (0–6)	4 (0–9)
	By ethnicity
	Malay	0.8 (0.04–0.1)	1.52 (1.21–1.81)	[22]	174	0.4 (0.01–0.8)	0 (0–1)
	Chinese	26.6 (24.5–28.5)	1.52 (1.21–1.81)	[22]	134	12.2 (4.9–8.0)	16 (7–25)
	Indian	14.9 (12.8–17.8)	1.52 (1.21–1.81)	[22]	22	7.2 (2.6–18.8)	2 (1–3)
	Others	7.7 (4.7–10.8)	1.52 (1.21–1.81)	[22]	35	3.8 (2.2–18.8)	2 (1–3)
Physical inactivity (an inverse of physical activity)	Men	35.3 (34.3–36.3)	1.32 (1.22–1.41)	[23]	201	10.1 (7–13)	20 (14–26)
	Women	50.5 (49.5–51.5)	1.26 (1.13–1.41)	[23]	168	11.6 (6–17.4)	20 (10–29)
	By ethnicity
	Malay	42.4 (41.3–43.4)	1.28 (1.16–1.42)	[23]	174	10.6 (6.2–15.4)	18 (11–27)
	Chinese	47.1 (45.6–48.7)	1.28 (1.16–1.42)	[23]	134	11.7 (6.8–17)	16 (9–23)
	Indian	44.5 (42.2–46.7)	1.28 (1.16–1.42)	[23]	22	11.7 (6.3–16.4)	2 (1–4)
	Others	41.3 (38.2–44.4)	1.28 (1.16–1.42)	[23]	35	10.4 (5.8–15.8)	4 (1–5)
Overweight	Men	29.7 (28.9–30.5)	1.16 (1.07–1.27)	[21]	201	4.5 (2–7.6)	9 (4–15)
	Women	28.6 (27.9–29.3)	1.03 (0.96–1.1)	[21]	168	0.9 (0–2.8)	1 (0–5)
	By ethnicity
	Malay	29.8 (28.5–35.1)	1.09 (1.02–1.15)	[21]	174	4.5 (2–7.6)	5 (1–6)
	Chinese	28.5 (27.3–29.6)	1.09 (1.02–1.15)	[21]	134	2.5 (0.5–4.3)	3 (1–6)
	Indian	33.2 (31.4–35.1)	1.09 (1.02–1.15)	[21]	22	2.9 (0.4–5)	1 (0–1)
	Others	20.8 (18.8–23)	1.09 (1.02–1.15)	[21]	35	2.9 (0.4–5)	1 (0–1)

^aExposure prevalence obtained from the national health and morbidity survey 2006 [14]; PAF: population attributable fraction; women including missing data