Table 4.
Multivariable Associations of Insufficient Sleep at Each Age Period with Neurobehavioral Outcomes at Mid- Childhood, Reported by Teachers. Data from children in Project Viva.
| Neurobehavioral Outcomes & Multivariable Models* | Sleep Duration at Each Age Period | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 months to 2 years | 3 years to 4 years | 5 years to 7 years | ||||
| < 11 hours v. ≥ 12 (reference) | 11 to <12 v. ≥ 12 (reference) | < 10 hours v. ≥ 11 (reference) | 10 to <11 v. ≥ 11 (reference) | < 9 hours v. ≥ 10 (reference) | 9 to <10 v. ≥ 10 (reference) | |
| BRIEF Global Executive | Effect Estimate (95% Confidence Interval) | |||||
| Composite Score | ||||||
| Adjusted for child age & sex | 3.13 (1.24, 5.02) | 2.69 (1.16, 4.22) | 4.63 (2.29, 6.97) | 0.18 (−1.22, 1.59) | 5.22 (1.81, 8.62) | 1.82 (0.06, 3.58) |
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1.08 (−0.93, 3.08) | 2.02 (0.55, 3.48) | 2.85 (0.53, 5.17) | 0.05 (−1.31, 1.41) | 3.35 (−0.06, 6.76) | 1.05 (−0.74, 2.83) |
| BRIEF Behavioral Regulation Index | ||||||
| Adjusted for child age & sex | 2.93 (0.85, 5.00) | 3.07 (1.44, 4.70) | 4.55 (1.95, 7.16) | 0.32 (−1.19, 1.82) | 5.12 (1.38, 8.86) | 1.78 (−0.11, 3.67) |
| Multivariable adjusted* | 0.89 (−1.29, 3.07) | 2.36 (0.79, 3.94) | 2.68 (0.12, 5.24) | 0.17 (−1.28, 1.63) | 3.01 (−0.79, 6.81) | 0.98 (−0.95, 2.90) |
| BRIEF Metacognition Index | ||||||
| Adjusted for child age & sex | 3.34 (1.25, 5.43) | 2.31 (0.56, 4.07) | 4.71 (2.14, 7.28) | 0.05 (−1.52, 1.63) | 5.32 (1.42, 9.22) | 1.86 (−0.08, 3.80) |
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1.26 (−0.99, 3.51) | 1.67 (−0.03, 3.36) | 3.01 (0.42, 5.61) | −0.07 (−1.61, 1.47) | 3.70 (−0.22, 7.61) | 1.12 (−0.84, 3.09) |
| SDQ Total Difficulties | ||||||
| Adjusted for child age & sex | 0.92 (−0.25, 2.08) | 1.36 (0.46, 2.25) | 2.31 (0.94, 3.67) | 0.33 (−0.53, 1.20) | 3.11 (1.10, 5.11) | 1.12 (0.05, 2.20) |
| Multivariable adjusted* | −0.13 (−1.37, 1.12) | 1.06 (0.19, 1.92) | 1.32 (−0.03, 2.68) | 0.25 (−0.60, 1.10) | 2.14 (0.15, 4.13) | 0.70 (−0.39, 1.79) |
| SDQ Prosocial | ||||||
| Adjusted for child age & sex | −0.05 (−0.51, 0.41) | −0.24 (−0.59, 0.10) | −0.70 (−1.21, −0.18) | −0.34 (−0.68, 0.00) | −0.72 (−1.48, 0.03) | −0.43 (−0.83, −0.03) |
| Multivariable adjusted* | 0.13 (−0.36, 0.62) | −0.15 (−0.49, 0.20) | −0.51 (−1.05, 0.02) | −0.30 (−0.65, 0.04) | −0.56 (−1.32, 0.20) | −0.36 (−0.78, 0.05) |
*
Adjusted for child age & sex, plus maternal age, parity, parental education, household income, HOME score; child race/ethnicity, and child television viewing at mid-childhood. All models additionally adjusted for sleep in previous time period.