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Formation kinetics (20°C) upon stopped-flow mixing of backbone-modified oligonucleotides (DNA 1) with complementary non-modified DNA (fluorescein–DNA2); for second-order rate constants see Table 2. Emission >510 nm was measured as a function of time; excitation at 496 nm. No fluorescence change occurred in the dead time of the instrument (2 ms). Inset, emission from single-stranded fluorescein–DNA2 (dashed line) and when in duplex with the aminopropyl-modified DNA 1 (solid line).
