Table 2.
Effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT) on anuran social behavior.
| Sex | Family | Species | Behavior | Effect of AVT | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Ranidae | Rana catesbeiana (=Lithobates catesbianus) | Release calling | Increase | Boyd (76) |
| Advertisement calling | Increase | Boyd (38, 64) | |||
| Rana (=Lithobates) pipiens | Release calling | Decrease | Raimondi and Diakow (77) | ||
| Leptodactylidae | Physalaemus (=Engystomops) pustulosus | Advertisement calling | Increase | Kime et al. (69) | |
| Phonotaxis | Increase | Baugh and Ryan (78) | |||
| Hylidae | Hyla versicolor | Advertisement calling | Increase | Semsar et al. (79), Tito et al. (72) | |
| Advertisement calling | No effect | Klomberg and Marler (73), Trainor et al. (74) | |||
| Aggressive calling | No effect | Tito et al. (72) | |||
| Release calling | No effect | Tito et al. (72) | |||
| Hyla cinerea | Advertisement calling | Increase | Penna et al. (63), Burmeister et al. (68) | ||
| Acris crepitans | Advertisement calling | Increase | Marler et al. (65), Chu et al. (67) | ||
| Eleutherodactylidae | Eleutherodactylus coqui | Advertisement calling | Increase | Ten Eyck (80) | |
| Aggressive calling | Increase | Ten Eyck and ul Haq (70) | |||
| Parental care | No effect | Ten Eyck and ul Haq (70) | |||
| Bufonidae | Bufo (=Anaxyrus) cognatus | Advertisement calling | Increase | Propper and Dixon (66) | |
| Amplexus | No effect | Propper and Dixon (66) | |||
| Dendrobatidae | Ranitomeya imitator | Parental care | Decrease | Schulte and Summers (81) | |
| Pipidae | Xenopus tropicalis | Advertisement calling | Increase | Miranda et al. (71) | |
| Amplexus | No effect | Miranda et al. (71) | |||
| Female | Ranidae | R. catesbiana (=Lithobates catesbeianus) | Release calling | Decrease | Boyd (76) |
| Phonotaxis | Increase | Boyd (38, 64) | |||
| Rana (=Lithobates) pipiens | Release calling | Decrease | Diakow (82), Diakow and Nemiroff (48), Raimondi and Diakow (77), Raimondi and Diakow (77) | ||
| Leptodactylidae | Physalaemus (=Engystomops) pustulosus | Phonotaxis | Increase | Baugh and Ryan (78) | |
| Dendrobatidae | R. imitator | Parental care | No effect | Schulte and Summers (81) | |
For those species in which vocal behavior was studied (i.e., advertisement, aggressive, and release calling), “Increase” refers to an augmentation of the probability of calling or calling rate, or a reduction in latency to call (see text for further descriptions). Studies that measured any of these calling parameters but did not find an effect of AVT are labeled as “No effect.” For the studies evaluating the effects of AVT on phonotaxis, “Increase” refers to an increase in sexual arousal, measured as a shorter latency to approach a speaker playing advertisement calls, or increased choice behavior.