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. 2016 May 31;6(5):e822. doi: 10.1038/tp.2016.91

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Copyright © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Distributions of pro- versus anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine concentrations (IL-1β:IL-10 in panel a; IL-6:IL-10 in panel b; TNF-α:IL-10 in panel c) in late-second and early-third trimester gestation maternal serum among depression cases and controls without depression (n=1258). The y axis of each graph extends to the 90th percentile of the distribution of each pro:anti-inflammatory ratio. The center lines of each box represent the median, and the diagonal notches in each box represent 95% confidence intervals around the median. IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.