Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the sample of depression cases (recurrent and lifetime) and non-depressed controls (n=1258).
| Cases with major depression (n=484) | Controls without major depression (n=774) | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics of participants | ||
| Female sex, % (N) | 66.7 (323) | 54.1 (419) |
| White race/ethnicity, % (N) | 90.5 (438) | 91.0 (704) |
| Mean (s.d.) age at interview | 39.7 (3.8) | 39.6 (3.4) |
| Assessed with SCID, % (N) | 45.9 (222) | 34.1 (264) |
| Mean (s.d.) days gestation at sample collection | 226.0 (22.1) | 227.6 (24.6) |
| Cytokine concentrations (pg ml−1) in maternal serum (median, interquartile range) | ||
| IL-1β | 1.1 (5.0) | 1.0 (6.3) |
| IL-6 | 1.1 (2.9) | 1.2 (3.6) |
| IL-10 | 1.7 (2.5) | 2.0 (2.6) |
| TNF-α | 3.4 (2.5) | 3.6 (2.7) |
| TNF-α:IL-10 | 1.8 (2.6) | 1.7 (2.6) |
| Female offspring (n=323 cases, n=419 controls) | ||
| IL-1β | 1.1 (5.2) | 1.0 (5.8) |
| IL-6 | 1.2 (3.1) | 1.1 (3.3) |
| IL-10 | 1.8 (2.6) | 2.0 (2.4) |
| TNF-α | 3.4 (2.5) | 3.5 (2.7) |
| TNF-α:IL-10 | 1.7 (2.5) | 1.7 (2.7) |
| Male offspring (n=161 cases, n=355 controls) | ||
| IL-1β | 1.3 (3.5) | 1.0 (7.0) |
| IL-6 | 1.1 (1.9) | 1.2 (4.4) |
| IL-10 | 1.6 (2.1) | 2.1 (3.2) |
| TNF-α | 3.4 (2.6) | 3.6 (2.7) |
| TNF-α:IL-10 | 2.0 (3.3) | 1.7 (2.5) |
Abbreviations: DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fourth edition; IL, interleukin; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.