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Mean (±s.e.m.) CS-elicited freezing at the retention test for vehicle- and probiotic-exposed maternally separated (MS) infant rats. Vehicle-exposed MS rats exhibited excellent retention at both 1 day (n=14) and 7 days (n=13). Probiotic-exposed MS rats exhibited good retention at the 1-day interval (n=13), but age-appropriate forgetting (that is, infantile amnesia) after 7 days (n=10). *P<0.05. CS, conditioned stimulus.
