Figure 5. The exogenous addition of TGF-β1 affects proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts in 3D engineered cardiac tissues.

A) Confocal images of immunofluorescence staining of a cardiac fibroblast marker, vimentin (= red), and EdU click-iT labeling (= green) of 3D engineered cardiac tissues with and without the addition of TGF-β1 at day 1, 7, and 14. Cardiomyocytes were not stained and showed no positive EdU labeling (white arrows) B) Representative quantification of proliferating cells inside 3D cardiac tissues as determined by the percentage of EdU positive cells at day 1, 7, and 14 of culture (n=3). Data depict Mean ± Standard deviation. *p<0.05