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. 2017 Aug 7;12:20. doi: 10.1186/s40248-017-0101-8

Table 1.

PHASE 3 Judging risk of bias

Domain Concern Rationale for concern
Concerns regarding specification of the study eligibility criteria Non –confirmed cases Decrease the risk of bias (false positive)
Concerns regarding methods used to identify and/or select studies. None None
Concerns regarding used to collect data and appraise the studies Repeated article Increase the false positive results
Concerns regarding the synthesis and findings Different finding between the article To direct the results toward the major finding and analyzed it
Describe whether conclusions were supported by the evidence:
 A. Did the interpretation of findings address all of the concerns identified in Domain 1 to 4? Yes
 B. Was the relevance of identified studies to the review’s research question appropriately considered? Probably yes
 C. Did the reviewers avoid emphasizing results on the basis of their statistical significance? Yes
Risk of bias in the review Risk: Low