Figure 3. Phosphofructokinase co-ordinates PPP activity.

Isolated cardiomyocytes were transduced with GFP, Glyco^Lo, or Glyco^Hi adenoviruses and incubated with [¹³C₆]-glucose for 18 h. Stable isotope tracing of nucleotides in NRCMs incubated with media containing U-[¹³C₆]-glucose: (A) atom-resolved map illustrating the biological and biochemical history of ¹³C incorporation into the purine ATP; fractional enrichment values of ¹³C in (B) ATP and (C) GTP after incubation with [¹³C₆]-glucose; (D) atom-resolved map illustrating the biological and biochemical history of ¹³C incorporation into the pyrimidine UTP; fractional enrichment values of ¹³C in (E) UTP and (F) CTP after incubation with [¹³C₆]-glucose. Colored x-axis labels correlate to the labeled molecule biosynthetic components indicated in the atom-resolved maps. Graph represents three replicates per group from one isolation. ^$P < 0.05, ^$$P < 0.01, ***^,$$$P < 0.001, ****^,$$$$P < 0.0001.