Table 1.
Mean and SD demographic information and neuropsychology scores for the 36 patients with young onset Alzheimer’s disease (YOAD) and 21 age-matched healthy controls.
| Max score | Controls (N = 21) | YOAD (N = 36) | N (%) below 5%a | Normative mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Gender M:F | 11:10 | 17:19 | NA | NA | |
| Age (years) | 61.0 (5.3) | 60.9 (5.2) | NA | NA | |
| Education (years) | 16.5 (3.2) | 15.3 (2.7) | NA | NA | |
| Disease duration (years) | NA | 5.2 (2.9) | NA | NA | |
| Background neuropsychology | |||||
| MMSE | 30 | 29.5 (0.7) | 20.9 (4.4) | NA | 29.0 (1.3) |
| Visual acuity: Snellenb | 6/9 | NA | 6/9 | NA | NA |
| WASI vocabulary | 80 | 69.0 (8.5) | 53.4 (18.3) | 1 (2.8%) | NA |
| WASI matrices | 32 | 26.7 (2.7) | 8.1 (7.1) | 8 (22.2%) | NA |
| Digit span forward (max) | 8 | 7.3 (1.2) | 5.4 (1.5) | 11 (30.6%) | NA |
| Digit span backward (max) | 7 | 5.4 (0.9) | 3.2 (1.5) | 10 (27.8%) | NA |
| RMT for faces | 25 | 24.7 (0.8) | 19.5 (4.4) | 11 (30.6%) | 22.8 (1.9) |
| RMT for words | 25 | 24.4 (1.4) | 17.5 (3.2) | 27 (75.0%) | 23.7 (1.8) |
| GDA: oral | 24 | 13.8 (6.6) | 2.9 (4.7) | 25 (69.4%) | 11.95 (5.1) |
| Early visual processing | |||||
| Shape detection (VOSP) | 20 | 19.5 (0.8) | 18.0 (1.4) | NA | 19.5 (0.7) |
| Visuoperceptual processing | |||||
| Object decision (VOSP) | 20 | 18.2 (1.4) | 14.7 (3.9) | 12 (33.3%) | 17.7 (1.9) |
| Fragmented letters (VOSP) | 20 | 19.5 (0.7) | 11.2 (7.2) | 23 (63.9%) | 18.8 (1.4) |
| Visuospatial processing | |||||
| Dot counting: n correct | 10 | 9.9 (0.3) | 7.6 (2.9) | 16 (44.4%) | 9.9 (0.2) |
| A cancelation time (s) | 90 | 21.1 (6.0) | 54.0 (22.8) | 27 (75.0%) | 20.5 (6.5) |
| Word recognition | |||||
| NART: number of errors | 50 | 11.5 (8.0) | 20.1 (11.0) | NA | NA |
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (67); Cortical Vision Screening Test (CORVIST) (68); Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) (69); Wechsler Memory Scale Revised-digit span forwards and backwards (70); Matrices and Vocabulary subtest; Short Recognition Memory Test (RMT) for words and faces (71); oral Graded Difficulty Arithmetic (GDA) subtests addition and subtraction (72); Visual Object and Space Perception battery subtest object decision, shape detection, fragmented letters and dot counting (48); A cancelation (49); National Adult Reading Test (NART) (50). NA, not available.
aPercentage of scores below 5% percentile are shown for the YOAD group (the performance of controls did not reach this level).
bMedian value is reported.