Table 3.
Endoreplication Mode of 75 Taxa (85 Accessions) from Orchidaceae, Compiled with Reports Concerning 49 Additional Taxa, Covering 65 Genera Overall
| Species | Subfamily | Localitya | Mode Conventional or Partial Endoreplication or Noneb | Highest Degree Typically Observedc | Replicate Fraction P (%) | 1C-Value Mean (±sd) (pg) | 2n* | Ploidy (x) | Individuals Studied for P; 2C | Reference Standardd | Publication or Collaboratore |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acineta superba (Kunth) Rchb. | Epidendroideae | conv | 5.01 (0.06) | CC | T2015 | ||||||
| Aerangis ellisii (B.S. Williams) Schltr. | Epidendroideae | conv | 1.48 (0.04) | G | T2015 | ||||||
| Aerangis luteoalba var. rhodosticta (Kraenzl.) J. L. Stewart | Epidendroideae | conv | 1.45 (0.01) | 42 | G | T2015 | |||||
| Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R.M.Bateman,Pridgeon & M.W.Chasesyn. Orchis palustris Jacq. | Orchidoideae | France Fos | PE | 32E | 37(0) | 4.27(0.0) | 2 | A | Fridlender A. | ||
| Anacamptis palustris × purpurea hybridssyn. Orchis palustris × purpurea hybrids | Orchidoideae | France Fos | PE | 32E | 37(0.1) | 4.27(0.0) | 3 | A | Fridlender A. | ||
| Anacheilium fragrans (Sw.) Acuña | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-17442 | conv | 8C | 100 | 0.84 | 2; 1 | A | |||
| Angraecum eburneum Bory subsp. superbum (Thouars) H.Perrier | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-348 | PE | 8E | 87 | 5.11 | 2; 1 | ||||
| Angraecum eichlerianum Kraenzl. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-354 | PE | 16E | 87 | 3.61 | 38 | 2; 1 | |||
| Angraecum praestans Schltr. | Epidendroideae | conv | 2.95 (0.03) | G | T2015 | ||||||
| Ansellia africana Lindl. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-504 | conv | 32C | 103 | 1.62 (0.14) | 42 | 2; 2 | B | ||
| Brassia arcuigera Rchb. f. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-572 | PE | 8E | 94 | 2.75 | 2; 1 | B | |||
| Bulbophyllum careyanum Sprengel | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-16979 | conv | 32C | 99 | 1.73 | 38 | 2; 1 | A | ||
| Bulbophyllum cocoinum Bateman ex Lindley | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-17091 | PE | 16E | 93 | 2.53 | 38 | 2; 1 | B | ||
| Bulbophyllum echinolabium J.J. Sm. | Epidendroideae | conv | 2.04 (0.03) | G | T2015 | ||||||
| Bulbophyllum lepidum (Blume) J. J. Sm. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-17021 | conv | 8C | 101 | 2.06 | 38 | 2; 1 | A | ||
| Bulbophyllum medusae (Lindl.) Rchb. f. | Epidendroideae | conv | 1.29 (0.02) | 38 | CC | T2015 | |||||
| Bulbophyllum rufinum Rchb. f. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB | conv | 32C | 98 | 1.66 | 2; 1 | F | |||
| Cattleya mossiae C.Parker ex Hook. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-17180 | conv | 16C | 97 | 2.77 | 1; 1 | F | |||
| Chamaeangis odoratissima (Rchb. f.) Schltr. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-791 | conv | 16C | 97 | 1.81 | 50 | 1; 1 | B | ||
| Chelonistele sulphurea (Blume) Pfitzer | Epidendroideae | conv | 2.67 (0.02) | CC | T2015 | ||||||
| Chysis bractescens Lindl. | Epidendroideae | MNHN | conv | 16C | 101 | 1.80 (0.03) | 3; 2 | B | |||
| Cleisostoma racemiferum (Lindl.) Garay | Epidendroideae | conv | 1.80 (0.04) | 38 | G | T2015 | |||||
| Cleisostoma subulatum Blume | Epidendroideae | conv | 2.24 (0.04) | 38 | G | T2015 | |||||
| Coelogyne assamica Linden & Rchb. f. | Epidendroideae | conv | 2.97 (0.04) | G | T2015 | ||||||
| Coelogyne cristata Lindl. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-51482 | none | 4C | 97 | 3.40 | 40 | 2; 1 | F | ||
| Coelogyne fimbriata Lindl. | Epidendroideae | conv | 3.53 (0.05) | 40 | G | T2015 | |||||
| Cynorkis guttata Hermans & P.J. Cribb | Orchidoideae | PE | 21.1 | 6.85 (0.03) | CC | T2015 | |||||
| Cypripedium calceolus L. | Cypripedioideae | Orsay France | PE | 16E | 84 | 38.7 (0.34) | 20 | 3 | E | ||
| Dendrobium glomeratum Rolfe | Epidendroideae | conv | 2.23 (0.03) | G | T2015 | ||||||
| Dendrobium wattii (Hook.) Rchb. f. | Epidendroideae | conv | 1.46 (0.05) | CC | T2015 | ||||||
| Dendrochilum tenellum (Nees & Meyen) Ames | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-32330 | none | 4C | 98 | 1.14 | 1; 1 | ||||
| Dendrochilum latifolium Lindl. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-2788 | none | 4C | 98 | 1.14 | 1; 1 | B | |||
| Dracula astute (Rchb.) Luer | Epidendroideae | PE | 36.1 | 1.93 (0.03) | H | T2015 | |||||
| Dracula chestertonii (Rchb.) Luer | Epidendroideae | PE | 34.6 | 2.14 (0.03) | H | T2015 | |||||
| Encyclia tampensis (Lindl.) Small | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-2857 | conv | 16C | 100 | 1.30 | 2; 1 | A | |||
| Epidendrum falcatum Lindl. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-43085 | none | 4C | 100 | 3.89 | 2; 1 | B | |||
| Epidendrum nocturnum Jacquin | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-17464 | conv | 16C | 100 | 1.52 | 1; 1 | A | |||
| Epidendrum rigidum Jack. | Epidendroideae | conv | 1.21 (0.01) | CC | T2015 | ||||||
| Epipactis consimilis D. Don. | Epidendroideae | Liban | none | trace 4C | – | 13.7 | 40 | 1 | B2013 | ||
| Eria lasiopetala (Willd.) Ormero d.f. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-17104 | PE | 32E | 87 | 3.09 | 3; 1 | A | |||
| Eria micholitzii Kraenzl. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-30988 | PE | 16E | 90 | 1.03 | 2; 1 | B | |||
| Eria vieillardii Rchb. f. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-17617 | conv | 8C | 102 | 2.38 | 2; 1 | ||||
| Gastrochilus calceolaris (Buch.-Ham ex J.E.Sm.) D.Don | Epidendroideae | conv | 2.74 (0.03) | 38 | CC | T2015 | |||||
| Gomphichis macbridei C.Schweinf. | Orchidoideae | PE | 49.4 | 7.03 (0.07) | H | T2015 | |||||
| Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R.Br. | Orchidoideae | Czech Rep & Slovakia | PE | 60 | 3.81 | 40 | 4 | E | T2011 | ||
| Gymnadenia densiflora (Wahlenb.) A.Dietr. | Orchidoideae | Czech Rep & Slovakia | PE | 75 | 3.40 | 40 | 4 | CC | T2011 | ||
| Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Spreng. | Orchidoideae | Orsay France | PE | 5.8 | E | ||||||
| Liparis crenulata (Blume) Lindl. | Epidendroideae | PE | 76.4 | 1.88 (0.02) | G | T2015 | |||||
| Liparis sparsiflora Aver. | Epidendroideae | conv | 2.43 (0.03) | CC | T2015 | ||||||
| Lockhartia biserra (Rich.) Hoehne | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-32474 | conv | 64C | 105 | 1.14 (0.00) | 4; 3 | B | |||
| Ludisia discolour (Ker Gawl.) A. Rich | Orchidoideae | PE | 61.1 | 1.1 (0.03) | H | T2015 | |||||
| Lycaste skinneri Lindl. var. rosea | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB | conv | 8C | 95 | 1.73 | 2; 1 | A | |||
| Masdevallia ignea Rchb. f. | Epidendroideae | PE | 54.1 | 1.44 (0.04) | G | T2015 | |||||
| Masdevallia veitchiana Rchb. f. | Epidendroideae | PE | 46.1 | 1.69 (0.01) | G | T2015 | |||||
| Maxillaria tenuifolia Lindl. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-60348 | conv | 8C | 98 | 2.90 (0.13) | 3; 2 | ||||
| Maxillaria violacea-punctata Rchb.f. | Epidendroideae | MNHN | conv | 8C | 97 | 3.78 | 1; 1 | F | |||
| Miltoniopsis roezlii (Rchb. f.) God.-Leb. | Epidendroideae | conv | 1.75 (0.02) | G | T2015 | ||||||
| Myrmecophila tibicinis (Batem.) Rolfe | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB | conv | 16C | 97 | 1,72 | 1; 1 | F | |||
| Neobenthamia gracilis Rolfe | Epidendroideae | conv | 0.58 (0.02) | CC | T2015 | ||||||
| Neotinea tridentata (Scop.) R.M.Bateman | Epidendroideae | Lebanon Nahr Ibrahim 70m | PE | 39 | 9.26 | 42 | 6 | E | B2013 | ||
| Neuwiedia zollingeri var. javanica (J.J.Sm.) de Vogel | Apostasioideae | conv | 3.24 (0.05) | CC | T2015 | ||||||
| Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl | Epidendroideae | MNHN-30881 | PE | 64E | 81 | 1.09 (0.01) | 3; 2 | F | |||
| Oeceoclades gracillima (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-33968 | PE | 64E | 84 | 1.35 | 2; 1 | A | |||
| Oeceoclades petiolata (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor | Epidendroideae | MNHN-32168 | PE | 8E | 86 | 1.07 (0.01) | 3; 2 | F | |||
| Oncidium cf. reflexum Lindl. | Epidendroideae | conv | 2.88 (0.04) | CC | T2015 | ||||||
| Oncidium flexuosum Lodd. | Epidendroideae | MNHN | none | 4C | 99 | 0.94 | 56 | 1; 1 | B | ||
| Oncidium sotoanum R.Jiménez & Hágsater | Epidendroideae | conv | 2.73 (0.05) | CC | T2015 | ||||||
| Ophrys fusca Link | Orchidoideae | Lebanon Botmeh 1100m | PE | 16E | 82 | 10.49 | 36,72 | E | B2013 | ||
| Orchis anatolica Boiss. | Orchidoideae | Lebanon Baakline 940m | PE | 16E | 39 | 10.16 | E | B2013 | |||
| Orchis maculata subsp. macrostachys (Tineo) Soó | Orchidoideae | Lebanon | PE | 32E | 82 | 2.84 (0.24) | 4 | A | B2013 | ||
| Orchis purpurea Huds. | Orchidoideae | France Saint Maximin | PE | 32E | 54 | 5.80 | 42 | 7 | A | Fridlender A. | |
| Pabstiella tripterantha (Rchb. f.) Luer | Epidendroideae | conv | 0.74 (0.01) | G | T2015 | ||||||
| Panisea uniflora (Lindl.) Lindl. | Epidendroideae | conv | 2.83 (0.02) | 40 | G | T2015 | |||||
| Paphiopedilum callosum (Rchb.f.) Stein | Cypripedioideae | PE | 81.1 | 28.62 (0.37) | 32 | CC | T2015 | ||||
| Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum (Rchb.f.) Pfitzer | Cypripedioideae | MNHN | PE | 4E | 70 | 28.28 | 36 | 2; 1 | |||
| Paphiopedilum malipoense S.C.Chen & Z.H.Tsi | Cypripedioideae | MNHN-JB-28557 | PE | 8E | 59 | 28.05 | 26 | 1; 1 | F | ||
| Paphiopedilum purpuratum (Lindl.) Stein | Cypripedioideae | PE | 70.3 | 34.56 (0.99) | 40 | H | T2015 | ||||
| Phalaenopsis sp. Blume, hybrid | Epidendroideae | MNHN & commerce | conv | 64C | 99 | 4.23 | 4 | D, E | |||
| Pholidota articulata Lindl. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-33306 Cambodge | none | 4C | 99 | 2.23 (0.04) | 7; 5 | F | |||
| Phragmipedium besseae var. dalessandroi (Dodson & O.Gruss) A.Moon & P.J.Cribb | Cypripedioideae | conv | 7.95 (0.09) | 24 | H | T2015 | |||||
| Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rchb. | Orchidoideae | BH Kladanj | PE | 16E | 79 (3.1) | 6.87 (0.05) | 42* | 2* | 4; 5 | C | S2010, P2013 |
| Pleurothallis schweinfurthii Garay | Epidendroideae | conv | 0.65 (0.01) | CC | T2015 | ||||||
| Pleurothallis vittata Lindl. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-52119 | PE | 16E | 90 | 2.75 | 2; 1 | A | |||
| Ponthieva parvilabris (Lindl.) Rchb.f. | Orchidoideae | PE | 46.0 | 4.27 (0.08) | G | T2015 | |||||
| Porroglossum peruvianum H.R.Sweet | Epidendroideae | PE | 32.5 | 2.16 (0.14) | G | T2015 | |||||
| Psychopsis papilio (Lindl.) H.G.Jones | Epidendroideae | PE | 48.0 | 6.82 (0.19) | CC | T2015 | |||||
| Rhipidoglossum rutilum (Rchb. f.) Schltr. | Epidendroideae | conv | 1.92 (0.04) | G | T2015 | ||||||
| Scaphosepalum bicolor Luer & R. Escobar | Epidendroideae | conv | 0.43 (0.01) | G | T2015 | ||||||
| Scaphyglottis albida (Rchb.f.) Schltr | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-18567 | conv | 101 | 0.68 | 1; 1 | A | ||||
| Stanhopea embreei Dodson | Epidendroideae | conv | 2.16 (0.02) | H | T2015 | ||||||
| Stelis argentata Lindl. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-18622 | conv | 8C | 101 | 1.91 | 30 | 2; 1 | F | ||
| Stelis pachyglossa (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase | Epidendroideae | conv | 0.74 (0.01) | CC | T2015 | ||||||
| Stenoglottis longifolia Hooker f. | Orchidoideae | PE | 37.5 | 2.82 | G | T2015 | |||||
| Trichotosia velutina Kraenzl. | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-62002 Cambodge | PE | 16E | 82 | 2.81 | 2; 1 | A | |||
| Trisetella andreettae Luer | Epidendroideae | PE | 44.5 | 0.89 (0.01) | CC | T2015 | |||||
| Trudelia cristata (Lindl.) Senghas | Epidendroideae | MNHN-JB-13208 Nepal | conv | 16C | 98 | 1.77 | 1; 1 | F | |||
| Vanilla africana Lindl. | Vanilloideae | CR0103, CR0107 Africa | PE | 2.91 (0.04) | 5 | D | B2010 | ||||
| Vanilla albida Blume | Vanilloideae | CR0058, CR0793 Thailand | PE | 57 | 2.76 (0.04) | B2010 | |||||
| Vanilla aphylla Blume | Vanilloideae | PE | 37 | 2.75 (0.08) | CC | T2015 | |||||
| Vanilla bahiana Hoehne | Vanilloideae | CR0098 Brazil | PE | 2.07 (0.05) | 5 | D | B2010 | ||||
| Vanilla (cf.) cribbiana Soto Arenas | Vanilloideae | CR0119 | PE | 2.52 (0.06) | 6 | D | |||||
| Vanilla chamissonis Klotzsch | Vanilloideae | CR0666 Sao Paulo | PE | 42 | 3.97 (0.07) | 6 | D | B2010 | |||
| Vanilla crenulata Rolfe | Vanilloideae | CR0091 Africa | PE | 41 | 3.23 (0.01) | 5 | D | B2010 | |||
| Vanilla (cf.) grandiflora Lindl. | Vanilloideae | CR0693 Guyana | PE | 41 | 3.23 (0.0) | 5 | D | ||||
| Vanilla humblotii Rchb. f. | Vanilloideae | CR0108, CR0871 Comoros | PE | 3.86 (0.07) | 5 | D | |||||
| Vanilla imperialis Kraenzl. | Vanilloideae | CR0796 CR0797 Africa | PE | 45 | 3.02 (0.05) | 4 | D | ||||
| Vanilla insignis Ames | Vanilloideae | CR0087 | PE | 1.92 (0.03) | 8 | D | |||||
| Vanilla leprieuri R. Portères | Vanilloideae | CR0109 French Guyana | PE | 58 | 2.50 (0.01) | 4 | D | ||||
| Vanilla lindmaniana Kraenzl. | Vanilloideae | CR0682 self CR1643 | PE | 2.52 (0.10) | 9 | D | |||||
| Vanilla madagascariensis Rolfe | Vanilloideae | CR0142, CR0812, CR0821, CR1647, Madagascar | PE | 3.12 (0.22) | 7 | D | |||||
| Vanilla mexicana Mill. (syn. V. inodora Shiede) | Vanilloideae | 8 localities Guadeloupe | PE | 32E | 83.1 (3.6) | 2.38 (0.051) | 26–32* | 2 | 18 | D | Barre N. & Silvestre D. |
| Vanilla odorata C. Presl | Vanilloideae | CR0686 America | PE | 43 | 2.48 (0.06) | B2010 | |||||
| Vanilla palmarum (Salzm. ex Lindl.) Lindl. | Vanilloideae | CR0083 Bahia | PE | 46 | 2.21 (0.19) | 3 | D | ||||
| Vanilla phalaenopsis Reichb. f. ex Van Houtte | Vanilloideae | CR0146 Africa | PE | 3.66 (0.07) | 4 | D | |||||
| Vanilla pierrei Gagnep. | Vanilloideae | Cambodia Dep Sihanoukville Kbal Chhay 10°37′27.12″N/103°31′28.87″E, 125m #985 | PE | 64E | 37 | 2.54 (0.03) | 5 | B | Telepova M. | ||
| Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews | Vanilloideae | EVT Tahiti | PE | 256E in leaves | 28.4 (0.3) | 2.30 | 25,26, 28, 30, 32, 26–32* | 2 | 32 | A | |
| Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews | Vanilloideae | PE | 26.2 | 2.31 (0.05) | 2 | H | T2015 | ||||
| Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews | Vanilloideae | CR0631, CR0649 Reunion Is. | PE | 2.26 (0.08) | 2 | 10 | D | ||||
| Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews | Vanilloideae | CR0068 Reunion Is. | PE | 2.31 (0.03) | 2 | 1 | D | ||||
| Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews | Vanilloideae | S21-26, S29 Reunion Is. | PE | 2.22 (0.08) | 2 | 33 | D | ||||
| Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews | Vanilloideae | CR0630, CR0645 Reunion Is. | PE | 3.29 (0.07) | 3 | 12 | D | ||||
| Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews | Vanilloideae | CR0641, CR802 Reunion Is. | PE | 4.43 (0.06) | 4 | 2 | D | ||||
| Vanilla polylepis Summerh. | Vanilloideae | CR0705 Africa | PE | 44 | 3.10 (0.04) | 3 | D | ||||
| Vanilla pompona Schiede complex | Vanilloideae | CRnnnn | PE | 3.50 (0.42) | 2 | 180 | A, D | ||||
| Vanilla pompona Schiede | Vanilloideae | EVT Tahiti CR0018 | PE | 64E | 19.1 | 3.51 (0.16) | 3228–32* | 2 | 5 | A | |
| Vanilla roscheri Rch b.f. | Vanilloideae | CR1444 South Africa | PE | 3.25 (0.0) | 2 | D | GIgant R. | ||||
| Vanilla ×tahitensis J.W. Moore | Vanilloideae | CR0017 Reunion Is (origin French Polynesia) | PE | 2.18 (0.05) | 2 | 10 | D | ||||
| Vanilla ×tahitensis J.W.Moore | Vanilloideae | Tahiti | PE | 64E | 26.8 | 2.113 (0.058) | 22–31* | 2 | 5 | A | |
| Vanilla ×tahitensis cv tahiti H5-27 × V. pompona CR0018 hybrids | Vanilloideae | Tahiti (EVT # HY0502-009) | PE | 64E | 21.1 (1.1) | 2.796 (0.082) | 22–31* | 2 | 65; 65 | A | |
| Vanilla ×tahitensis cv tahiti H5-27 × V. pompona CR0018 hybrids | Vanilloideae | Tahiti (ETV HY502-137) | PE | 64E | 21 | 5.30 (0.046) | 47–59* | 4 | 2; 2 | A | |
| Vanilla trigonocarpa Hoehne | Vanilloideae | CR0069 Brazil (Alagoinhas) | PE | 4.11 (0.04) | B2010 | ||||||
| Vanilla wightiana Lindl. | Vanilloideae | CR0707 South Western Ghats | PE | 2.53 (0.0) | |||||||
| Warczewiczella timbiensis P.Ortiz | Epidendroideae | conv | 3.31 (0.03) | CC | T2015 | ||||||
| Zygopetalum maculatum (Kunth) Garay | Epidendroideae | MNHN | PE | 8E | 90 | 5.45 | 2; 1 | F |
*
2n∗ chromosome numbers were determined by the authors; all others (no asterisk) are taken from the literature.
a
Locality or origin: BH: Bosnia and Herzegovina; CR: BRC Vatel Cirad PVBMT Université de la Réunion; MNHN—JB: Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Jardin Botanique, Paris.
b
PE = Partiel Endoreplication; conv = Classical whole-genome endoreplication; none = no endoreplication above 4C.
c
Nuclei with C-value or with endoreplication state E.
d
Calibration standard species (Gif-Orsay): A: Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. “Roma”; B: Petunia hybrida (Hook) Vilm. cv. “PxPC6”; C: Pisum sativum L. cv. “Long Express”, D: Artemisia arborescens L. (origin: Crete, 2C = 11.43 pg, Garcia et al. 2006); E: Triticum aestivum L. cv. “Chinese Spring”; F: Salvia brachyodon Vandas (2n = 14; 2C = 0.95 pg), from Siljak-Yakovlev et al. (2010). Other calibration standards in Trávníček et al. (2015) CC: Pisum sativum L. cv. “Ctirad” (2C = 8.76 pg); G: Solanum pseudocapsicum (2.59 pg); H: Vicia faba “Inovec” (26.90 pg).
e
Sources of data or collaboration. For 2C only: B2010, Bory et al. (2010); B2013, Bou Dagher-Kharrat et al. (2013); P2013, Pustahija et al. (2013); S2010, Siljak-Yakovlev et al. (2010); For 2C and P: T2011, Trávníček et al. (2011); T2015, Trávníček et al. (2015).