Table 2. Summary of main reported prognosis signatures allowing identification of high risk multiple myeloma patients.
No single gene is common across the 8 signatures.
| Signature | Number of genes | Number of common genes with 70-gene signature | Number of common genes with 92-gene signature | Clinical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UAMS (21) | 70 genes | 70 genes | 2 genes (BIRC5, LTBP1) | Identifies low and high risk patients at diagnosis and relapse. The high risk patients overexpress genes mapping at 1q21, 1q22, 1q43–q44 and 8q21–8q24 regions. |
| HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 (EMC92) (20) | 92 genes | 2 genes (BIRC5, LTBP1) | 92 genes | An independant prognosis marker identifying high risk patients at diagnosis and relapse. |
| Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (9) | 15 genes | None | 1 gene (FAM49A) | Identifies high risk patients featured by overexpression of genes involved in cell cycle. |
| Chromosome instability signature (CINGECS) (15) | 214 genes | 7 genes | 15 genes | Signature is based on copy-number alterations identified by aCGH.. It alows separating MM patients in 4 groups : low, 2 intermediates and high risk group. |
| Centrosome index signature (CNTI) (16) | 4 genes | None | None | An independant prognosis factor that identifies high risk patients featured by higher sensitivity to aurora kinase inhibitor. |
| Cell death signature (18) | 6 genes | None | None | Based on the presence of genomic deletions involving cell death genes, it identifies low and high risk patients. |
| 7-gene prognostic signature HMCL 6-gene signature for non t(4;14) patients (17) | 7 genes 6 genes |
None None |
None None |
Based on MM cell lines, identify low, intermediate and high risk MM patients and can discriminate low and high risk patients within molecular sub-groups, especially in non t(4 ;14). |
| Proliferation signature (19) | 50 genes | 3 genes (BIRC5, ASPM, CKS1B) | 6 genes (ESPL1, MCM6, NCAPG, SPAG5, ZWINT, BIRC5) | Identifies 3 groups of MM associated with high, intermediate and low risk. It correlates with chromosomal aberrations (amp(1q) and del(13p)) and molecular subgroups. |
| Number of overlapping genes | None |
Abbreviation: aCGH, array comparative genomic hybridization; HMCL: human myeloma cell lines.