Figure 1.

The effect of tiotropium bromide on lung inflammation following 40% of IRB.

Notes: Tiotropium inhalation prior to 40% of IRB significantly attenuated the increase in the total cell count in BALf (A), by reducing both macrophage and neutrophil numbers (C). Tissue protein levels of IL-1β and IL-6 returned to ctr values following tiotropium inhalation (B and D, respectively). Data presented as mean ± SEM. White bar, ctr; gray bar, ctr plus tiotropium; black bar, 40% of IRB and dark gray bar, 40% of IRB plus tiotropium. *P<0.05 to ctr and ^#P<0.05 to 40% of IRB. n=5–8 per group.

Abbreviations: IRB, inspiratory resistive breathing; BALf, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; ctr, control; SEM, standard error of the mean.