Figure 3.

The effect of tiotropium bromide on lung inflammation following 50% of IRB.

Notes: Total and macrophage counts in BALf were not affected by tiotropium inhalation prior to 50% of IRB, while neutrophil numbers were reduced by tiotropium, although remained elevated compared to ctr (A and C). Both IL-1β and IL-6 levels returned to ctr values after inhalation of tiotropium (B and D). Data presented as mean ± SEM. White bar, ctr; gray bar, ctr plus tiotropium; black bar, 50% of IRB and dark gray bar, 50% of IRB plus tiotropium. *P<0.05 to ctr and ^#P<0.05 to 50% of IRB. n=5–8 per group.

Abbreviations: IRB, inspiratory resistive breathing; BALf, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; ctr, control; SEM, standard error of the mean.